Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT 214 > Perineum - Urogenital and Anogenital Triangles > Flashcards

Perineum - Urogenital and Anogenital Triangles Flashcards

1
Q

Describe pelvis in general - specifics about triangles

A

Pelvic diaphragm = U shape, makes 2 triangles (pelvic diaphragm = levator ani - puborectalis, coccygeus), seals pelvic floor
Perinuem = outside pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 2 triangles of perinuem

A

Front - anterior = urogenital triangle
Back - posterior = anal (anogenital) triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe pelvic floor

A

Delineates pelvic and perineal region
Muscular component has tonic role
*puborectalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe perineal membrane

A

Seals urogenital triangle
Tough ct, membrane sealing urogenital triangle so weight of ext genitalia not added to muscle - need to support pelvic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is perineal body

A

Levator ani and perineal membrane anchored
Fibrotic structure —> connects muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe perineum

A

Diamond shaped space inferior to pelvic floor
Pelvic diaphragm - levator ani and coccygeus muscles
Funnel shaped, with anal aperture at inferior apex
Ischial tube = where you sit on bike
Delineated by bony features and lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name all margins of perineum

A

Anterior = inferior aspect of pubic symphysis
Posterior = tip of coccyx
Lateral = ischial tuberosity= ischiopubic rami, sacrotuberous ligament
Ceiling = pelvic diaphragm
Floor = skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is perineum divided by

A

An imaginary line between ischial tuberotisties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are triangles of perineum

A

Urogenital = anterior
Anal= posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give a very general explanation of the 2 triangles and what the boundaries are

A

Urogenital = sex specific structures and urinary system, join at pubic symphysis, ischial pubic rami
Ischial tube = imaginary line
Anal triangle = apex is Coccyx, sacrotuberous lig laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe urogenital triangle

A

Oriented in horizontal plane
Pelvis tilted forwards, asis and pubic symohysis in same plane
Basically sitting on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is urogenital triangle defined by

A

Laterally = Ischiopubic rami
Posteriorly = Horizontal line between ischial tuberosity, Superficial transverse perineal muscle: to perineal body
Antyeriorly = Pubic symphysis
Roof= is the pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe urogenital hiatus

A

U shaped opening in levator ani
Closed by perineal membrane - thick fibrous sheet
For urinary and genital systems
Pelvic diaphragm open at central line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe where deep perineal pouch is

A

Between levator ani and perineal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe role of urogenital triangle

A

Provide support to ext genitalia and support of pelvic viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compare urogenital to anal triangle

A

Anal trinagle = facing more posterior - back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe perineal membrane of urogenital triangle - gen

A

Triangular, fibrous sheet,
Between ischiopubic rami, pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe perineal membrane of urogenital triangle - specifics

A

Posterior edge free - floats, except at perineal body
Attach point for erectile tissue and their muscles
Contains urethral openings and vaginal opening in afab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe perineal body of urogenital triangle

A

Central tensions structure of perineum
Between urogenital and anal triangles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What attaches at perineal body of urogenital triangle

A

Muscles of pelvic floor - levator ani and perinuem attach (bulbospongiosus, transverse perineal muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Compare afab vs amab urogenital triangle

A

Amab = diff
Urethra opening anchored in perineal membrane directly
Afab = urethral opening and vaginal openings contained in membrane

22
Q

Describe episiotomy

A

Enlarge vaginal opening - episiotomy, now done to avoid perineal body, - helps maintain dynamic integrity

23
Q

Describe deep perineal pouch

A

Between perineal membrane and pelvic diaphragm
Contains thin muscular sheet = sphincters for urethra, thin deep layer, smooth muscle, Sphincters to close orifices

24
Q

Name a muscle that is important for urogenital trinagle

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Core, tone, to membrane, provide more tension, ischial tuberosity to perineal body

25
Q

Describe anal triangle

A

Oriented postero inferior
Not flat, more dome shaped

26
Q

What is anal triangle defined by

A

Laterally = sacrotuberous ligament
Anteriorly = horizontal line between ischial tuberosity
Posteriolry = coccyx
Roof= pelvic diaphragm

27
Q

Describe anal aperture

A

Funnel shaped levator ani’s central opening

28
Q

What is external anal sphincter

A

Surrounds anal canal, after passing through levator ani

29
Q

Describe what anal aperture and external anal sphincter do

A

Divide anal triangle in 2 lateral spaces = ischioanal fossa

30
Q

What are ischioanal fossae

A

Paired wedge shaped spaces on either side of anal canal, filled with adipose tissue
Tilted anteriorly

31
Q

What are ischioanal fossa defined by

A

Superiorly = pelvic diaphragm
Laterally = ischium and sacrotuberous ligament
Ifneiorly = skin of anal region

32
Q

What is role of ischioanal fossae

A

Allows for movement of pelvic diaphragm - puborectalis needs to relax so needs soft tissue here so can expanded
Allows movement of pelvic diaphragm
Expansion fo anal canal during defecation
Possess of internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve and associated brnaches

33
Q

What is found near ischioanal fossa

A

N/v = in pudendal canal
Away from levator ani (since would stretch vessels) and close to bone = embedded in fascia of obturator muscle

34
Q

Describe anterior recesses

A

Ischioanal fossa of anal trinagle projects anteriorly in urogenital triangle
Forms 2 anterior reccesses on each side = anterior recess of ischioanal fossae
Space between dome shaped levator ani and perineal body, continuous with ischioanal fossa and forms recess

35
Q

What are anterior reccesses defined by

A

Superomedial wall = levator ani
Lateral wall = obtruator internus
Floor = deep perineal pouch, and perineal membrane, not skin, solid floor

36
Q

Describe what passses through anterior reccesses

A

Where levator ani enlarges when need
Vessels continue in space to where they need to go

37
Q

Describe blood supply of perineum

A

Internal pudendal artery

38
Q

Describe entire pathway of internal pudendal artery

A

From anterior trunk of internal illiac artery —> leaves pelvic cavity through greater sciatic for amen inferior to piriformis —> Passes lateral to ischial spine —> Reaches perineum through lesser sciatic for amen —> Enters pudendal canal (alcocks) formed by obturator internus muscles fascia

39
Q

What does internal pudendal artery supply

A

Erectile tissue, perineum, inferior rectum

40
Q

What branches does internal pudendal artery give

A

Inferior rectal artery
Perineal arteries = erectile tissues and muscles, skin, scrotum, labia and bulb glands

41
Q

Describe innervation perineum

A

Pudendal nerve - s2-3-4 = motor and sensory

42
Q

Describe pathway of perineum n/v generally

A

Vessels use for amen to leave and then loop back and travel to perineum - pudendal canal

43
Q

Why is it called pudendal nerve and not internal pudendal nerve

A

Arteries = called internal pudendal
Nerve = just pudendal since no external

44
Q

What is pudendal block

A

Episiotomy or procedure
Palpate spine and inject and numb nerve
Since pudendal nerve goes around ischial spine

45
Q

Describe pathway of pudendal nerve

A

Leaves pelvic cavity through greater sciatic formaen inferior to piriformis —> Passes around sacrospinous ligament, loops over ischial spine —> Through lesser sciatic foreman to reach perineum —> Enters perineum through pudendal canal - alcocks with internal pudendal arteries

46
Q

What does pudendal nerve inervate

A

Somatic innervation of perineum and associated structures

47
Q

Name branches off pudendal nerve

A

Inferior rectal
Perineal nerve
Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

48
Q

Describe inferior rectal nerve

A

Sensory = anal region
Motor = external anal sphincter

49
Q

Describe perineal nerve

A

Sensory = perinuem
Motor= muscle of ext genitalia

50
Q

Describe dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

A

In anterior recess sensory to penis/clitoris

51
Q

Describe path of pudendal vessels and nerve

A

Greater sciatic, piriformis = leaves pelvic and loops back in outside pelvic diaphragm = leaves Cavoty and bypasses levator ani insertion and now in perinuem

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions