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ANAT 214 > Assigned Male at Birth Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Assigned Male at Birth Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Describe overal anatomy

A

Has components in abdomen, pelvis and perineum
Is a series of ducts, and tubules, linked to urinary tract

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2
Q

name gonad related structures

A

Scrotum
Testes
Epididymis

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3
Q

Name ducts structures

A

Vas deferens - long tube, connects external component to internal associated glands
Ejaculatory ducts
Penis and erectile tissue
Urethra = links to urinary

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4
Q

Name accessory glands

A

Secrete fluid, combine with sperm and produce semen
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands

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5
Q

What is scrotum

A

Superficial component of genital organ with penis
Homologous to labia Majora in female
Dual chambered sack of skin and smooth muscle

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6
Q

Describe musculofascial covering

A

Tunica dartos muscle = subcutaneous, muscle layer, thin smooth muscle, on top of spermatic cord

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7
Q

Describe role of musculofascial covering

A

Regulate scrotal temp = optimal temp for spermatognesis

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8
Q

What gives scrotum wrinkled appearance

A

Contraction of tunica dartos = wrinkled appearance, - goal = reduce surface for heat loss, increases surface area

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9
Q

Describe paminiform plexus

A

Ensheath testiscualr artery
Network of small spermatic veins in spermatic cord
Series of veins
Drain into testicular vein —> varicocele

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10
Q

What is scrotum composed of

A

Musculofascial covering
Pampiniform plexus

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11
Q

What is role of pampiniform plexus

A

Regulate temp fo testes =temp of blood warm to would reabsorb heat to lower blood temp of blood going to testes

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12
Q

When is spermatogenesis optimal

A

1-1.5 degrees below core body temp
If too warm = no spermatogensis

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13
Q

What is a varicocele

A

Varicose of pampiniform plexus
Renal vein stuck between abd aorta and Sma

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14
Q

Describe stats of varicoceles

A

The cause of 17-21% of infertility in ppl
90% of anatomical caused infertility
Compromises spermatogenesis since less heat absorbed when it’s going up

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15
Q

What is spermatic cord

A

Cord like structure that passes through inguinal canal, links outside to inside
Allows communication between abdomenopelvic cavities to testes, via inguinal canal

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16
Q

What does spermatic cord contain

A

Paminiform plexus, testicular artery, vas deferens, testicular innervation

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17
Q

Describe embryology of testes

A

Originally develop high on post abd wall - at level of kidneys in adults
Descend before birth through inguinal canal, forming spermatic cord, to scrotum of perineum
During descent = bring nerve, blood supply, drainage and vas deferens
(In female = stops in pelvis)

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18
Q

What are testes enclosed in

A

Within the end of elongated musculofascial pouch projecting into scrotum
Continuous with anterior abd wall via spermatic cord

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19
Q

describe all layers of spermatic cord - gen

A

Dragged down peritoneum and layers of abd cavity = form layers

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20
Q

Describe what ext oblique muscle aponeurosis forms = layer in spermatic cord

A

External spermatic fascia

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21
Q

Describe what interal oblique muscle forms = layer in spermatic cord

A

Cremasteric muscle - raise and lower testes for thermal regulation
Yo-yo, bring lower to lower temp, bring closer to warm up
Innervated = l1, cremasteric reflex

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22
Q

Describe what transversalis fascia forms = layer in spermatic cord

A

Internal spermatic fascia

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23
Q

Describe what parietal peritoneum forms = layer in spermatic cord

A

Tunica vaginalis
Invagination - pocket, ant surface testes, cushion and protect
Testes well innervated

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24
Q

Describe inguinal hernias - gen

A

Tissue protruding through abd wall of inguinal region
8x more common than in afab (no big structures through inguinal canal)

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25
Describe indirect inguinal hernia
2/3 Abdominal viscera herniate through deep inguinal ring to scrotum Bowels stuff scrotum, = bad More problematic= cause strangulation More common in middle aged and older men, risk of bowel obstruction and strangulation Need surgical intervention
26
Describe direct inguinal hernia
1/3 Abd viscera herniate though inguinal triangle - hesselbachs, = inferior epigastric vessel, rectus abdominus, inguinal ligament Weak point in wall Sport hernia Less change of bowl obstruction since open space - less chance strangulation
27
Describe testes
In scrotum Covered by a closed sac of peritoneum = tunica vaginalis - anterior, infront Thick testicular capsule = tunica albuginea- fibrotic, hard
28
Name parts of internal anatomy of testes
Seminiferous tubules Rete testes Epididymis
29
Describe seminiferous tubules
Site of spermatogenesis —> to rete testes
30
Describe rete testes
Collecting chamber - reabsorption of fluid to increase sperm concentration Network - helps concentrate sperm Links to epididymis
31
Describe epididymis
Long coiled duct in scrotum, posterior side, mobile Role = maturation of spermatozoa and storage - 2-3 months Bridges inner testes to duct system
32
Name and describe parts of epididymis
Head = efferent ductules from enlarged coiled mass Body = run along posterolateral aspect of testis Tail = found on inf pole testes, continuous with vas deferens
33
What is vas deferens
Floppy tube, link outside to inside Long muscular tube Transport spermatozoa: epididymis —> ejaculatory duct
34
Describe path of vas deferens
Through spermatic cord- inside abd cavity to pelvic cavity —> Loop lateral to inferior epigastric artery —> Enters pelvic inlet -> Retroperioneal —> passes over ureters —> dives inferomedially along base of bladder —> Gets enlarged- ampulla of vas deferens —> Joins seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
35
Describe what suspends vas deferens
Over inferior epigastric Artery and then reaches post aspect bladder, then suspended by ureter
36
Describe seminal vesicle
Paired accessory glands of male reproductive system Coiled tube situated between bladder and rectum Lateral to ampulla of vas deferens at base of bladder Secretes most of fluid, first gland, behind bladder
37
what is role of seminal vesicle
Secrete most of fluid that becomes semen High in fructose concentration —> sugar boost, hyper Joins ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct
38
Describe ejaculatory duct
Prepare for ejaculation, sperm and spermatozoa stored and accumulated in vas deferens ampulla Peristaltic contractions to move sperm Drains into prostatic urethra
39
Describe prostate
Base of bladder Unpaired accessory gland of male repro system Surrounds urethra = prostatic urethra Lies immediately inferior to bladder and superior to pelvic floor
40
What is prostate composed of
Individual glandular complexes All in same capsule All emptying into prostatic urethra through individual openings
41
Describe prostate Role
Secrete slightly alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity of vasginal tract - help it survive
42
Describe prostate - openings, inside
Ejaculator duct openings - 2 Fructose rich and sperm mix and meet - add alkaline fluid
43
Describe prostate - clinical correlate
Most common cancer among men 21% of all cancer in Canada, 2023, 5 year net survival = 91%, but consider quality of life Palpate= trans anally - posterior lobe of prostate = lobe most prone to cancer
44
Describe bulbourethral glands - Gen
Cowper’s Paired accessory glands of male reproductive system Situated in deep perineal pouch (between levator ani and perineal membrane)- (diff for afab, bartholins not in pouch) Small pea shaped mucous glands Located behind membranous urethra Ducts of glands pass through perineal membrane Drains into urethra of root of penis
45
Describe bulbourethral glands - role
Pre ejaculatory emiission to neutralize acidic urine and lurbriact e uretha - make good environment for sperms Pee can be acidic
46
Describe erectile tissue
Composed of 2 corpora cavernosa - hollow, receive blood during erection 1 corpus sponging - contains urethra, spongy tissue All contained in thick fascia = deep fascia of penis = bucks fascia, tough ct
47
Name components of erectile tissue
Root of penis = crura and bulb Body pf penis Glans
48
Describe root of penis
Bulb and Crura
49
Describe crura - root of penis
2 crura = proximal parts of corpora cavernosa - root of, attached to inferior pubic rami
50
Describe bulb - root of penis
1 Proximal part of corpus spongipsum Anchored to perineal membrane - centrally located
51
Describe body of penis
No longer anchored = Formed by free part of corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum = where will erect
52
Describe glans of penis
Expansion fo corpus spongiosum over beyond distal end of corpora cavernosa
53
Name skeletal muscles
Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus
54
Describe ischiocavernosus
Cover crura of penis Anchored to ischial tuberosity and inferior pubic Rami
55
What is role of ischiocavernosus
Forces blood from crura into body pf penis for erection
56
Describe bulbospongiosus
Covers bulb of penis Anchored for perineal body and perineal membrane
57
Describe role of bulbospongiosus
Forces blood into distal region fo penis Emptying urethra During voiding Pulsatilla emission of semen during ejaculation Make sure pressure if good, contract and move blood to penis
58
What is innervation of skeletal muscles of penis
Somatic - pudendal nerve, s2-4
59
Describe blood supply of penis
3 branches of internal pudendal artery Artery of bulb of penis = supplies bulb Dorsal penile artery runs along dorsum fo penis Deep penile artery = runs within corpus cavernosum
60
Describe venous drainage of penis
One vein = deep dorsal vein Passes under pubic symphysis,joins prostatic plexus Outside corpus cav but deep to bucks fascia
61
Describe erection - specifics
Vascular event generated by parasympathetic fibres= from pelvic splanchicn, s2-s4 Relaxation fo branches of deep penile arteries = vasodilation Corpus cavernosum engorge Contraction of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus = force blood into distal region of penis, deep dorsal vein compressed under bucks fascia = impede venous outflow = erection
62
Describe erection - Gen informal
Psns = have arteries vasodilate and blood - cavernosum filled with blood, so increase pressure inside bucks fascia (unstretchable) - so only venous drainage system of inner component of penis compressed = vein compressed under bucks fascia and muscles push more blood = erection
63
Describe male urethra
Long - 20cm From neck of bladder to external urethral orifice Passes through prostate, deep perineal pouch, perineal membrane and penis
64
Name all parts of urethra
Preprostatic urethra Prostatic part Membranous part Spongy urethra - penile
65
What is internal urethral sphincter
Between bladder and prostate
66
Describe preprostatic urethra
1cm Along base of bladder to prostate Internal urethral sphincter= prevents retrograde ejacultion
67
Describe prostatic part
3-4 cm Surrounded by prostate Where ejaculatory and glandular complexes empties
68
Describe membranous part
Narrower Passes through deep perineal pouch Surrounded by external urethral sphincter Jucntion between prostate and penis
69
Describe spongy urethra - penile
Within corpus spongiosum Bulbourethral glands empty into bulb region Ends at external urethral orifice
70
Describe peritoneum
Peritoneum of abdominal cavity is continuous through pelvic inlet Drapes over pelvic viscera: Forms: pouches between viscera, and ligaments
71
Describe peritoneum in males
Drapes over bladder and seminal vesicles Reflects not anterior aspect of rectum
72
Describe clinical correlate - peritoneum amab
Inflammation of infection of peritoneal cavity causes fluid to accumulate here in amab - rectovesicle pouch
73
What is sexual response
Erection, emission, ejaculation Involves sympathetic, parasympathetic and somatic pathways
74
Describe erection
Parasympathetic innervation: relaxation of deep penile arteries (Constriction maintained by sympathetic innervation) Pudendal nerve: Contraction of bulbo & ischiocavernosus -> force blood into erectile tissue
75
Describe emission
Parasympathetic stimulation mediates secretion of seminal fluid Sympathetic stimulate peristalsis movement of ductus deferens & seminal vesicle glands Fluid is propelled into prostatic urethra where prostatic fluid is added
76
Describe ejaculation
Sympathetic stimulate constriction of internal urethra sphincter (prevent retrograde ejaculation) Strong pulsatile contraction for ejaculation: Parasympathetic stimulation contracts urethral muscle, Pudendal nerve contracts bulbospongiosus
77
Describe internal urethral sphincter role specifically
Semen could go up to bladder - type of infertility, can happen after prostate surgery Sphincter closes and makes only one path out
78
Describe semens pathway
Seminiferous tubules —> straight tubule —> Rete testis —> Efferent ductules —> Epididymis — ductus deferens —> Ejaculatory duct —> prostatic —> Membranous —> Penile urethra
79
Describe recto vesicular pouch
Space between rectum and bladder Lowets part of peritoneal cavity (equiv to afab recto uterine pouch) On top of rectum and bladder

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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