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FoM > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the circulatory system

A

Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system

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2
Q

What are the primary functions of the circulatory system

A

Distribution of gases and other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair
Hormones
Mediate inflammation
Defence responses

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3
Q

What are the 3 main components of the cardiovascular system

A

Arterial system
Heart
Veinous system

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4
Q

What are the stages of pulmonary circulation

A

Blood from the body enters into the RA then RV, into the lungs where blood is oxygenated

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5
Q

What are the stages of the systemic circulation system

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters into the LA then LV and is pushed throughout the body

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6
Q

When does the heart contract

A

Systole

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7
Q

When does the heart relax

A

Diastole

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8
Q

What are the 2 components of the pulmonary trunk

A

2 pulmonary arteries

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9
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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10
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there

A

4

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11
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary veins

A

Carry oxygenated blood to the heart (LA)

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12
Q

What is the function of the aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the LV to the body (capillary bed)

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13
Q

How does deoxygenated blood enter the heart

A

Through the superior and inferior vena vaca

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14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the hearts wall

A

Epicardium(external)
Myocardium (middle)
Endocardium (internal

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15
Q

Which layer of the heart is responsible for the cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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16
Q

What is the name of the right atrioventricular valve

A

Tricuspid

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17
Q

What is the name of the left atrioventricular valve

A

Mitral

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18
Q

Where is blood leaving when it passes through the aortic semilunar valve

A

Left ventricle

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19
Q

Which ventricle is blood leaving when it passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Right ventricle (pulmonary trunk)

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20
Q

Which node is responsible for causing both atria to contract

A

Sinoatrial node

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21
Q

Which node does the impulse travel to after leaving the sinoatrial node

A

Atrioventricular node at septum

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22
Q

Where does the impulse travel down after leaving the atrioventricular node

A

Right and left in interventricular septum

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23
Q

What causes both ventricles to contract

A

Impulse spreads out to myocardium through conducting fibres

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24
Q

Why does the lumen of the vein flatten

A

Due to thick layer of tunica adventitia (not elastic)

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25
Q

Which blood vessel has the most pressure

A

Arteries, >120/80

26
Q

What terminology lets you know an artery will divide again

A

Common or trunk

27
Q

What is the splitting of arteries known as

A

Branching, bifurcate or trifurcate

28
Q

Which part of the arterioles wall allows it to contract or dilate

A

Smooth muscle

29
Q

What happens to the smooth muscle during vasodilation

A

Relaxes, lumen widens which increases blood flow

30
Q

What happens to the smooth muscle during vasoconstriction

A

Contraction, narrow lumen reduces blood flow

31
Q

What term describes the low level of contraction of smooth muscle

A

Sympathetic tone due to tonic (continuous) conduction of action potentials

32
Q

What is anastomosis

A

Arteries connect with each other without intervening capillary networks

33
Q

What is the function of anastomosis

A

Provides alternative routes for blood flow to supply the cells distal to an arterial occlusion (block)

34
Q

What is an arterial anastomosis of the brain

A

Circle of willis - prevents cerebrovascular accident

35
Q

What are alternative routes of blood flow known as

A

Collateral arteries/collateral circulation

36
Q

What is an end artery

A

The only arterial blood supply to a given area

37
Q

What can an untreated occlusion to an end artery lead to

A

Infarction

38
Q

What is an infarction

A

Irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply

39
Q

Which arterial blood supply enters the aorta first

A

Systemic

40
Q

When does the aorta receive blood

A

At high pressure during a systole

41
Q

How is peripheral flow maintained in an aorta during diastole

A

Elastic recoil

42
Q

What are the 4 components of the aorta

A

Ascending aorta
Arch of the aorta
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta

43
Q

What are the 2 branches of the ascending aorta

A

Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery

44
Q

What are the branches of the arch of the aorta

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery (head)
Left subclavian artery
Right common carotid
Right subclavian

45
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery lead to

A

Axillary artery
Brachial artery - bifurcates:
Left radial artery
Left ulnar artery

46
Q

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into

A

External iliac
Internal iliac

47
Q

What is a continuation of the external iliac artery

A

Femoral artery

48
Q

What artery supplies the foot

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

49
Q

What are the components of a neurovascular bundle

A

Nerve
Artery
Vein

50
Q

What is the function of a vein

A

Drain blood away from a territory

51
Q

What is a collection of veins that merge called

A

Tributaries

52
Q

How is venous blood returned to the heart

A

Venous valves - unidirectional against gravity
Skeletal muscle pump
Venae comitantes

53
Q

What is the function of accompanying veins (venae comitantes)

A

Small veins in pairs or more wrapped over an artery
Artery pulsation pushes venous blood along

54
Q

Where do superficial veins drain into

A

Run into superficial fascia which drain into deep veins running into deep fascia and cavities

55
Q

Which organs is the hepatic portal venous system responsible for

A

GI tract and associated organs to liver for cleaning

56
Q

What organs is the systemic venous system responsible for

A

Drains venous blood from all other organs and tissues into the superior or inferior vena cava

57
Q

How is lymph returned to central veins

A

Lymphatic capillaries collect tissue fluid
Becomes lymph
Carried through lymph nodes
Returned to central veins in root of neck

58
Q

Which angle does the right lymphatic duct drain into

A

Right venous duct

59
Q

Which angle does the thoracic duct drain into (responsible for left upper and bottom quadrants)

A

Left venous angle

60
Q

When are lymph nodes enlarged

A

When fighting infection or when taken over

FoM (38 decks)

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