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FoM > Intro to infection > Flashcards

Intro to infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major groups of human pathogens?

A

Protozoa
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses

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2
Q

Which 2 groups of human pathogens are eukaryotes

A

protozoa
fungi

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3
Q

what type of cell is bacteria

A

prokaryote

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4
Q

What are viruses

A

non-living/obligate parasites

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5
Q

How is DNA stored in prokaryotes

A

single circular chromosome

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6
Q

How are proteins coded for in prokaryotes

A

using a gene structure rather than introns/exons

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7
Q

How do bacteria maintain their shape

A

rigid cell wall

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8
Q

which structures are usually present in a prokaryotic cell

A

cell envelope
cytoplasmic membrane
DNA (single chromosome)
ribosomes

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9
Q

What structures are sometime found in a prokaryotic cell

A

Flagellum
fimbriae
capsule

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10
Q

What is a nucleoid in a prokaryote

A

contains dna and associated proteins (not histomes)
no membrane
no defined location

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11
Q

What is the cytoplasmic membrane made up of

A

lipid bilayer

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12
Q

What are the main functions of the cytoplasmic membrane

A

retain cytoplasm
selective barrier
transport
reaction surface

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13
Q

What drives the ATP synthase for energy across the plasma membrane of the prokaryote

A

electrons passed through electron acceptors
This leads to protons being passed outside the membrane forming a gradient

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14
Q

What is the central dogma for prokaryotes

A

gene
mRNA
ribosome
protein
2nd structure etc
export/assembly

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15
Q

What is the cell wall made up of

A

peptidoglycan

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16
Q

what does the cell wall contain

A

repeated sugar chains
peptide side bridges

17
Q

What makes a cell wall gram positive

A

multi-layer and often a secondary polymer

18
Q

what makes a cell wall gram negative

A

outer membrane
often contains LPS
contains periplasmic space

19
Q

What is Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

A

Takes up most of the outer surface of gram negative bacteria
Antigen

20
Q

What is the function of Flagella and Fimbriae in both gram positive and negative bacteria

A

sex
motility

21
Q

What do prokaryotes need for growth

A

food source
oxygen and hydrogen
nitrogen source - salts

22
Q

What prokaryotes need body temperature for growth

A

mesophiles

23
Q

What is bacterial survival dependant on

A

pH of environment

24
Q

When is bacterial growth in a stationary phase

A

when there is a limiting factor, leads to a gradual decline

25
Q

how are bacteria cooperative

A

can form communities from colony development and differentiation - i.e. biofilms

FoM (38 decks)

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