Biochemistry of lipids in health and disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of cholesterol

A

helps maintain structure and fluidity of cell membrane

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2
Q

how is cholesterol embedded in the plasma membrane

A

OH group interacts with polar heads
rest of molecule embedded

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3
Q

how do lipid rafts help with cell signalling

A

form bridges between receptor and signal so it is transmitted across membrane

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4
Q

what does cholesterol act as a precursor molecule for (i.e. template)

A

bile/bile acids
vitamin D
steroid hormones

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5
Q

what are the functions of triglycerides

A

aids in structure of cell membranes due to polar and non-polar properties
high concentrated energy stores

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6
Q

how are lipids carried around the body

A

lipoproteins

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7
Q

how are lipoproteins structures

A

hydrophobic contents are contained inward

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8
Q

what are chylomicrons

A

large molecules containing many fats

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9
Q

how are chylomicrons reduced

A

enzymes in the blood ‘snip’ off fat

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10
Q

what are the product molecules of delipidation

A

very low density lipoprotein
intermediate density
LDL
HDL

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11
Q

how do lipoproteins become more dense

A

lose more fat
decrease in diameter

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12
Q

what is the function of HDLs

A

carries the cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver (origin)

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13
Q

what is the exogenous cycle

A

chylomicron journey from gut to liver whilst being acted on by lipoprotein lipase

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14
Q

what happens during the endogenous cycle

A

VLDL leave the liver lose fat, become LDL

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15
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

hardening of the artery walls due to the build up of plaques

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16
Q

how is a blood clot formed

A

fibre cap ruptures
platelets accumulate

17
Q

what type of process is atherosclerosis

A

inflammatory

18
Q

what is a necrotic core

A

forms under the endothelium as result of a large plaque
cells in centre do not have a blood supply

19
Q

how do statins work

A

statins inhibit a key enzyme needed for cholesterol, liver cells increase LDL receptors

20
Q

what other processes can statins inhibit

A

smooth muscle migration
adherence of platelets