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FoM > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the cell cycle

A

Interphase
Mitosis phase - G1, S, G2

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2
Q

What is a cell doing during interphase

A

Resting or performing specialised work

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3
Q

What happens during S phase

A

New DNA is synthesised (dna is duplicated)

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4
Q

What happens during G1 phase

A

Cells respond to growth factors
Molecules needed to complete cycle are generated

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5
Q

How does the G0 Phase occur

A

Cells that can still divide/differentiate but are not actively doing so can be in G0 - do not enter S phase.

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6
Q

How can cells leave G0

A

Growth factors

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7
Q

What happens during the G2 phase

A

Cell prepares for division
breakdown of nuclear membrane

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8
Q

What does mitosis result in

A

Results in identical copies of the parent genome to 2 daughter cells

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9
Q

When are chromosomes uncoiled

A

During interphase

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10
Q

Where does replication of the DNA take place

A

Chromosome

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11
Q

What happens during the start of prophase

A

coiled chromosomes
split longitudinally (unzips) into 2 chromatids (connected at centromere).

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12
Q

How are centrioles pulled apart?

A

Microtubules (of the achromatic spindle) pull them apart to either pole

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13
Q

What happens during the end of prophase

A

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear.
Chromosomes tangled with microtubules (prometaphase)

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14
Q

What happens during metaphase

A

Chromosomal microtubules are organized and extend bilaterally,

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15
Q

What is a kinetochore

A

Bilateral disc at centromere of each chromosome

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16
Q

What can be used to karyotype

A

colchicine

17
Q

What is the role of Colchicine

A

Arrest the cell division at metaphase
Prevents the formation of microtubules

18
Q

What happens during anaphase

A

Spindle fibres contract, pulling apart chromatids

19
Q

How do chromosomal microtubules contract during anaphase

A

centrifugal force

20
Q

What causes non-disjunction

A

abnormal function of the achromatic spindle

21
Q

What is non-disjunction

A

When 1 or more chromosomes is pulled to the wrong poll (i.e 3 at 1, 1 at the other)

22
Q

What is an isochromosome

A

When the centromere splits transversely i
Results in 2 daughter chromosomes of unequal length

23
Q

What happens at the start of telophase

A

new nuclear membrane
new nucleolus
Chromosomes become uncoiled

24
Q

How does cytokineses occur

A

Cleavage furrow develops

25
Q

What happens during the end of telophase

A

Cytokinesis

26
Q

Which component of cytoplasm helps constrict the cleavage

A

Fibrillar

FoM (38 decks)

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