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FoM > Organisation Of Cells Into Tissues And Organs > Flashcards

Organisation Of Cells Into Tissues And Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 components of the digestive system

A

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
Associated organs and glands (attached to tract)

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2
Q

What are the 4 basic layers of the GIT

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa/Adventitia (connective tissue)

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3
Q

What are the types of mucosa GIT layer

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa

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4
Q

What are the layers of the muscularis

A

Outer layer (longitudinal)
Nerve plexus
Inner layer (circular)

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5
Q

What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the stomach

A

Simple columnar epithelium with extensive tabular glands to produce secretions (stomach acid)

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6
Q

What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the oral cavity, oesophagus and anal canal

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium to provide protection

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7
Q

What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the small intestine

A

Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli and tubular glands for absorption of nutrients

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8
Q

What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the large intestine

A

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands
Protection and absorption

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9
Q

Why is the mucosa layers folded

A

To increase surface area

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10
Q

What are the types of associated organs in the digestive system

A

Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

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11
Q

What are the types of salivary glands in the associated organs of the digestive system

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the sublingual gland

A

Mucus secretion is greater than water secretion

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the submandibula gland

A

50/50 secretion of water and mucus

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14
Q

What are the components of the liver

A

Hepatocytes
Hepatic lobules
Portal triad (corners)
Central vein

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15
Q

What are the directions of blood flow from different parts of the liver

A

Blood flows form portal vein and heptatic artery towards central vein through sinusoids

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16
Q

What are the components of the portal triad

A

A branch portal vein (middle)
A branch of hepatic artery
Bile duct

17
Q

What is the arrangement for a hepatic lubule

A

hexagonal

18
Q

What is the function of a hepatic lobule

A

Fulfils liver basic function
Nutrients taken from blood and substances are detoxified

19
Q

What are the components of the pancreas

A

Mixed glands-
Exocrine portion
Endocrine portion (islands)

20
Q

What is the function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas

A

Contains serous acini to produce digestive juices, proteases, lipases

21
Q

What is the function of the endocrine portion of the pancreas

A

Islets
Produce insulin - A cells and glucagon - B cells

22
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system

A

Upper respiratory tract
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs

23
Q

What are the components of the trachea

A

Respiratory epithelium
Lamina propria
Hyaline cartilage of tracheal ring

24
Q

What is the arrangement of respiratory epithelium

A

Pseudo-stratified, ciliated (cilia containing) columnar epithelium with goblet cells (for secretion)

25
Q

What are the components of the bronchial tree

A

Bronchi
Bronchiole
Columnar cells of epithelial

26
Q

What happens to the size of columnar epithelium cells going down the respiratory (bronchial tree)

A

Get shorter

27
Q

What are the components of bronchi

A

Large diameter airwyas
Hyaline cartilage in wall

28
Q

What are the components of bronchiole

A

Smaller airways than bronchi
No cartilage in walls
Smooth muscle predominates in wall

29
Q

What is the arrangement of epithelium in the lung

A

Simple squamous

30
Q

What are the components of the kidney involved in urinary system

A

Cortex
Medulla
Nephron (main functional unit)

31
Q

What are the components of the medulla in the kidney

A

Collecting duct
Loop of henle (nephron loop?)
Thich and thin segment

32
Q

What are the components of the cortex in the kidney

A

Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule

33
Q

What are the differences between the DCT AND PCT

A

Distal has no villi
Proximal has brushes outside to absorb

34
Q

What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

35
Q

Why is the tunica media the largest section of a blood vessel in arteries

A

Contains elastic fibres (collagen) to expand and accommodate the surge of blood

36
Q

What is the thickest layer of a vein

A

Tunica adventitia (outside layer)

FoM (38 decks)

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