Organisation Of Cells Into Tissues And Organs Flashcards
What are the 2 components of the digestive system
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
Associated organs and glands (attached to tract)
What are the 4 basic layers of the GIT
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa/Adventitia (connective tissue)
What are the types of mucosa GIT layer
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa
What are the layers of the muscularis
Outer layer (longitudinal)
Nerve plexus
Inner layer (circular)
What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the stomach
Simple columnar epithelium with extensive tabular glands to produce secretions (stomach acid)
What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the oral cavity, oesophagus and anal canal
Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium to provide protection
What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the small intestine
Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli and tubular glands for absorption of nutrients
What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the large intestine
Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands
Protection and absorption
Why is the mucosa layers folded
To increase surface area
What are the types of associated organs in the digestive system
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
What are the types of salivary glands in the associated organs of the digestive system
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
What are the characteristics of the sublingual gland
Mucus secretion is greater than water secretion
What are the characteristics of the submandibula gland
50/50 secretion of water and mucus
What are the components of the liver
Hepatocytes
Hepatic lobules
Portal triad (corners)
Central vein
What are the directions of blood flow from different parts of the liver
Blood flows form portal vein and heptatic artery towards central vein through sinusoids
What are the components of the portal triad
A branch portal vein (middle)
A branch of hepatic artery
Bile duct
What is the arrangement for a hepatic lubule
hexagonal
What is the function of a hepatic lobule
Fulfils liver basic function
Nutrients taken from blood and substances are detoxified
What are the components of the pancreas
Mixed glands-
Exocrine portion
Endocrine portion (islands)
What is the function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas
Contains serous acini to produce digestive juices, proteases, lipases
What is the function of the endocrine portion of the pancreas
Islets
Produce insulin - A cells and glucagon - B cells
What are the components of the respiratory system
Upper respiratory tract
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs
What are the components of the trachea
Respiratory epithelium
Lamina propria
Hyaline cartilage of tracheal ring
What is the arrangement of respiratory epithelium
Pseudo-stratified, ciliated (cilia containing) columnar epithelium with goblet cells (for secretion)
What are the components of the bronchial tree
Bronchi
Bronchiole
Columnar cells of epithelial
What happens to the size of columnar epithelium cells going down the respiratory (bronchial tree)
Get shorter
What are the components of bronchi
Large diameter airwyas
Hyaline cartilage in wall
What are the components of bronchiole
Smaller airways than bronchi
No cartilage in walls
Smooth muscle predominates in wall
What is the arrangement of epithelium in the lung
Simple squamous
What are the components of the kidney involved in urinary system
Cortex
Medulla
Nephron (main functional unit)
What are the components of the medulla in the kidney
Collecting duct
Loop of henle (nephron loop?)
Thich and thin segment
What are the components of the cortex in the kidney
Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
What are the differences between the DCT AND PCT
Distal has no villi
Proximal has brushes outside to absorb
What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
Why is the tunica media the largest section of a blood vessel in arteries
Contains elastic fibres (collagen) to expand and accommodate the surge of blood
What is the thickest layer of a vein
Tunica adventitia (outside layer)
