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FoM > Biochemistry of nucleic acids > Flashcards

Biochemistry of nucleic acids Flashcards

1
Q

what is the central dogma

A

flow of information from Dan towards protein

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2
Q

what does the DNA nucleotide sequence determine

A

the amino acid sequences of polypeptide chains

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3
Q

what is a nucleoside

A

base and sugar

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4
Q

what is a nucleotide

A

nucleoside and phosphate group(s)

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5
Q

what atom is on the 2’ of deoxyribose

A

H

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6
Q

what functional group is on the 2’ of ribose

A

OH

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7
Q

what functional group is always found on the 3’ carbon

A

OH

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8
Q

Which molecules are purines

A

adenine
guanine

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9
Q

how many rings do purines have

A

2

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10
Q

what bases are pyrimidines

A

uracil
thymine
cytosine

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11
Q

how many rings do pyridines have

A

1

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12
Q

what direction does the bond between 2 Dan/rna molecules form

A

5’ to 3’

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13
Q

what functional group allows bonds to form between bases

A

free 3’ hydroxyl group

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14
Q

which bond releases high energy when broken

A

bond between 1st and 2nd phosphate

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15
Q

why can chain only grow in 1 direction

A

single phosphate group doesn’t have the energy to form more bonds

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16
Q

which end are free nucleotides added to

A

3’

17
Q

why do DNA strands run in antiparallel directions

A

bonds can only be formed in 1 direction

18
Q

how do nucleotide analogues stop the DNA chain from growing

A

drug molecule bonds to 3’
molecule doesn’t contain an OH group for next phosphate to attach to

19
Q

what makes ZDV (nucleotide analogue) drugs so effective against viruses

A

viral reverse transcriptase has a higher affinity for ZDV (drug molecule) than human DNA

20
Q

why is each DNA strand semi-conservative

A

each strand forms template for creation of next strand

21
Q

what enzymes catalyses DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

22
Q

what are origins of replication

A

replication bubbles that start at the same time at several points and move in both directions

23
Q

how is DNA replicated for the lagging strand

A

Okazaki fragments

24
Q

how is DNA replicated on the leading strand

A

continuously

25
Q

How does DNA polymerase proofread and repair mismatched DNA

A

exonuclease activity
removes incorrect nucleotide
improves error rate of mutation

26
Q

What enzyme is needed to unwind the double helix

A

helicase

27
Q

What is required before bases can be added to the copying strand

A

RNA primer

28
Q

what synthesises an RNA primer

A

primase

FoM (38 decks)

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