Cellular Immune response Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of effector CD4+T cells

A

TH1
TH2
Tfh
regulatory cells

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2
Q

What happens after a cell becomes selected

A

clonal expansion

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3
Q

How does a cell become active (selected)

A

binding of specific antigen
co-stimulation

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4
Q

What occurs after clonal expansion

A

differentiation

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5
Q

What can differentiate into

A

Effector cells
Memory cells

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6
Q

Where do Th1 cells go to

A

migrate out of lymph
enter into infected/inflammed tissues

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7
Q

How do macrophages become ‘super-activated’

A

Macrophages in tissues
inflammatory signals direct Th1
binds to macrophage via MHC2
release interferon gamma

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8
Q

Why do we need improved macrophages rather than neutrophils?

A

Some pathogens have evolved to escape phagosome
Th1 induces production of ROS

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9
Q

What cytokine is responsible for inducing the NADPH complex in macrophages

A

interferon gamma

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10
Q

What does the interferon gamma signal

A

the production and release of ROS into the phagolysosome

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11
Q

What is the function of Tfh

A

Drive high affinity antibody response

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12
Q

What occurs after B cells are reactivated

A

Will differentiate into long lived plasma and memory cells

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13
Q

What do CD8+ T cells differentiate into

A

Cytotoxic T cells

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14
Q

How do cytotoxic T cells identify target cells

A

Finds cells displaying non-self antigens in tissues etc via MHC class 1

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15
Q

How do cytotoxic T cells eliminate other cells

A

granules with apoptosis inducing agents

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16
Q

How are cytotoxic T cells activated

A

Scans viral peptide on MHC 1

17
Q

Examples of granules found in cytotoxic T cells

A

perforin
granzymes
Granulysin

18
Q

How does killing by cytotoxic T cells not promote further inflammation

A

contents of cell killed by apoptosis is contained, proteins etc are not released so inflammation is not promoted

19
Q

What happens to effector cells after the immune response has finished

A

will die off naturally due to short life span

20
Q

What do long life plasma cells do after the immune response has finished

A

continually secrete low levels of high affinity antibodies

21
Q

Why is the number of antigen specific T/B cells higher to one specific antigen than at the beginning

A

specific immune cell has undergone proliferation, so now there is a slightly higher number

22
Q

Why do inflammatory mediators die quickly after immune response ends

A

short half-life

23
Q

What happens to acute phase proteins after the immune response has finished

A

rapidly disappear due to short half life

24
Q

what do macrophages phagocytose at the resolution stage

A

cellular debris
secrete factors to dampen inflammatory response