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FoM > Muscular/skeleton System And Movement > Flashcards

Muscular/skeleton System And Movement Flashcards

1
Q

How can arteries supplying joints be damaged

A

Dislocation

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2
Q

How do joints have a strong nerve supply

A

Senseory receptors of nerve joints can detect
Pain
Touch
Temperature
Proprioception (spacial awareness)

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3
Q

What are the 3 different types of joints

A

Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous

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4
Q

What are the qualities of fibrous joints

A

Limited mobility
Most stable

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5
Q

What are the types of fibrous joints

A

Syndesmoses
Sutures

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6
Q

How do syndesmoses connect bones

A

Via fibrous sheet of fibrous membrane

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7
Q

Where are sutures found

A

Between bones of skull and are completely fixed

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8
Q

What is an example of a fibrous sheet (syndesmoses)

A

Right interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula

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9
Q

What is an example of wide suture

A

Fontanelles
‘Soft spot’ in neonatal skull
Allow bones to ‘slide’ over each other
Smaller for passing through birthing canal

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10
Q

What are the qualities of cartilaginous joints

A

Fairly limited mobility
Relative;y stable

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11
Q

What are the qualities of primary cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses
Bones joined by hyaline cartilage
Permit growth in length of bone (epi growth plate)

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12
Q

What are the qualities of secondary cartilaginous joints

A

Symphyses
Strong
Slightly moveable
Fibrocartilage

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13
Q

What is an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint

A

Intervertebral discs

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14
Q

What is a common issue of secondary cartilaginous joints

A

Can slip
Eg slipped disc

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15
Q

What does the structure of a secondary cartilaginous joint contain

A

Outer fibrous ring
Inner soft centre

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16
Q

How does the spine make big movements

A

Each intervertebral disc allows a small amount of movement, added all together causes considerable movement

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17
Q

What are the typical features of synovial joints

A

2 or more articulating bones
Articular surface covered by hyaline cartilage
Capsule
Joint cavity
Skeletal muscles/tendons
Special features

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18
Q

What type of joint is typically supported by ligaments

A

Synovial

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19
Q

What does a joint cavity contain in a synovial joint

A

Synovial fluid

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20
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid

A

Cushions
Nourishes
Lubricates

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21
Q

What is the function of a ligament

A

Joins bone-to-bone
Provides support and stability

22
Q

What is the function of bursae found around a synovial joint

A

Prevent friction around joint

23
Q

What is an example of a synovial joint special features

A

Articular disc in TMJ joint

24
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of synovial joint

A

Pivot
Plane
Hingr
Biaxial
Ball and socket

25
Q

What is the structure of a pivot joint

A

Rounded bone end fits into socket, allows rotation greater than 45 degrees (neck)

26
Q

What is the function of plane synovial joints

A

Allow gliding or sliding movements (in 1 plane)

27
Q

What is the function of a hinge joint

A

Allow reasonable range of movement in one plane
Flexion and extension only

28
Q

What is the function of a ball and socket synovial joint

A

Good range of multi-axial movement (circumduction)
Hip joint

29
Q

What is the function of a biaxial synovial joint

A

Reasonable movement in one plane and less in another plane (favours one plane)
- think knuckle joint

30
Q

Which type of joint is the most mobile

A

Synovial

31
Q

What factor determines movement direction of joint

A

Shape or articular (joining) surface

32
Q

What is a dislocation of a joint

A

Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

33
Q

What is subluxation of a joint

A

Reduced area of contact between articular surface, but still connected

34
Q

If a joint has a ligament injury or slipped disc but its articular surfaces are still in normal relation to each other, is there a dislocation?

A

No, surfaces still in place relative to each other

35
Q

What are the joints of the finger called

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint
Distal interphalangeal joint

36
Q

Which joint in the head is commonly dislocated

A

The left or right temporomandibular joint ,which is the synovial joint between the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone

37
Q

Where are skeletal muscles usually found

A

Deep to the deep fascia

38
Q

What are the properties of longer muscle fibres

A

Greater potential range for contraction, there can produce more movement at a joint

39
Q

What are a few skeletal muscle types

A

Circular (sockets)
Pennate - featherlike
Quadrate
Fusiform - splits into heads

40
Q

What is the origin of the joint

A

Least movable part of the joint

41
Q

What is the insertion of the joint

A

Most mobile side, opposite end to origin

42
Q

Where do muscle fibres shorten during contraction

A

Along the axis between origin and insertion

43
Q

How are muscles attached to bone

A

Tendon, found at either end of the muscle

44
Q

Do tendons contract

A

No

45
Q

What us an aponeurosis

A

Flattened tendon

46
Q

What is the function of an aponeurosis

A

Attach muscle to soft tissue rather than bone

47
Q

What are the 2 main reflexes of the skeletal muscles

A

Stretch reflex
Flexion withdrawal reflex (pull hand away)
Nerve connections at SPINE

48
Q

What are stretch reflexes

A

A tendon jerks, the natural response is to contract to stop overstretching

49
Q

What is muscle paralysis

A

Muscle without functioning motor nerve supply
Cannot contract
Reduced tone on examination

50
Q

What is muscle spasticity

A

Intact and functioning motor nerve
Descending controls from brain are not working
Muscle would have increased tone upon examination

51
Q

How does muscle atrophy

A

Muscle fibres become smaller as result of inactivity
Damage to motor nerve supply

52
Q

What is muscle hypertrophy

A

When the individual muscle fibres get bigger

FoM (38 decks)

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