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FoM > Principles Of Embryology > Flashcards

Principles Of Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

How many weeks are in the conceptus/embryo period of development

A

0-3

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2
Q

How many weeks are in the embryonic period of development

A

3-8

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3
Q

How many weeks are in the foetal period of development

A

9-40

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4
Q

At how many weeks if the highest risk of birth defects

A

5

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5
Q

When does the most GROWTH take place

A

During the foetal period

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6
Q

Phases of embryogenesis

A

Gametogenesis
Fertilisation
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Formation of a body plan
Organogenesis

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7
Q

What happens during gametogenesis

A

Formation of gametes
Mitosis and meiosis

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8
Q

When do primary oocytes begin meiosis

A

Week 28-30

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9
Q

What stage during the cell cycle do primary oocytes stop until puberty

A

Prophase

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10
Q

How long is each cycle of spermatogenesis

A

64-74 days

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11
Q

How does nondisjunction occur

A

Separation of chromosomes in 1 gamete does not occur (leading to 3 copies of 1 chromosome)

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12
Q

How does the ovum prevent polyspermate

A

Membrane of ovum depolarises to lose sperm receptors

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13
Q

What happens during the stage of cleavage

A

Rapid mitotic cell division
No increase in size
Morula then blastocyst

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14
Q

What happens during the stage of gastrulation

A

Formation of germ layers
Body axis established

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15
Q

What are the 3 germ layers of an embryo

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm (inner)

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16
Q

How does the formation of the body plan occur

A

Folding of the embryo to form tubes
Direction of folding dependant on body axis

17
Q

What structures are formed by embryonic folding during the formation of the body plan

A

Gut tube
Skin/body wall

18
Q

What happens during organogenesis

A

Formation of organs and organ systems all in place by end of embryonic period
Continue to develop throughout fetal period

19
Q

What happens during the foetal period

A

Growth and weight gain
Tissues become functional
Overt sexual differention
Bone laid
Connections made in CNS

20
Q

What are the changes in anatomy labels for a foetus

A

Cranial
Ventral (anterior)
Dorsal (posterior)
Caudal (tail)

21
Q

What are the cellular processes involved in forming a human body

A

Cell division
Differentiation
Cell attachment (tissues form)
Apoptosis

22
Q

What is induction

A

Primary process
Ability of one cell type to cause another to differentiate
Directly or over distance

23
Q

What is cell migration

A

Primary process
Movement from one location to another

24
Q

What secondary processes take place in the process of turning a zygote to a human body

A

Axis formation
Control of development

25
Q

What are the types of control of development

A

Genetic - gene expression
Epigenetic - expression of maternal or paternal
Environmental - diet, climate, stress

FoM (38 decks)

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