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FoM > Baroreceptor Reflex - Regulation Of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Baroreceptor Reflex - Regulation Of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure

A

The outwards (hydrostatic) pressure exerted by blood on blood vessel walls

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2
Q

What type of blood pressure is measured in clinical practice

A

Systemic arterial blood pressure

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3
Q

What is systolic arterial blood pressure

A

pressure from left ventricle contracting

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4
Q

What is diastolic arterial blood pressure

A

The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the aorta and systemic arteries during relax

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5
Q

What blood pressure values indicate hypertension

A

Clinic blood pressure of 140/90mmHg or higher

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6
Q

What is pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Normal range 30-50mmHg

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7
Q

What is mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)

A

Average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle (systole and diastole)

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8
Q

Why is MAP not obtained by averaging systolic and diastolic pressures

A

Diastole lasts twice as long as systole

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9
Q

How is MAP estimated

A

(2x diastole pressure + systolic pressure) 3

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10
Q

Secondary method to estimating MAP

A

Diastolic BP + 1/3 pulse pressure

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11
Q

Normal MAP range

A

70-105mmHg

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12
Q

What MAP value is needed to perfuse vital organs

A

Minimum 60mmHg

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13
Q

What happens if MAP value is too high

A

Damage blood vessels
Place an extra strain on heart and other organs

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14
Q

What path do signals take during negative feedback

A

Detected by sensor (when not in narrow range)
Informs control centre
Sends instruction to effectors
Brings about compensatory results

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15
Q

What is the sensor used to regulate MAP

A

Baroreceptors

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16
Q

What is the cardiovascular control centre

A

Medulla

17
Q

What are the effectors of the MAP

A

Heart - varies HR and SV
Blood vessels

18
Q

How do blood vessels work to get MAP back to narrow range

A

By varying systemic vascular resistance

19
Q

Which baroreceptors inform the medulla

A

Carotid baroreceptors
Aortic arch baroreceptors

20
Q

What type of receptor are baroreceptors

A

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to stretch, the more stretch the more signals are fired

21
Q

What cause the firing rate in baroreceptor afferent (outgoing) neurons to increase

A

When MAP increases

22
Q

Where do baroreceptors send afferent impulses to

A

The cardiovascular control centre in the medulla of the brainstem

23
Q

What is the role of the NTS in regulating MAP

A

Integrates and relays information to other regions that control pathways for the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system for the heart and blood vessels

24
Q

What is stroke volume

A

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle of the heart per heart beat

25
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

26
Q

What is the relationship between MAP, CO and SVR (systemic vascular resistance)

A

MAP = CO X SVR

27
Q

What is systemic vascular resistance

A

Sum of resistance of all vasculature in the systemic circulation

28
Q

What are the 3 ways MAP can be regulated

A

Heart rate
Stroke volume
Systemic vascular resistance

29
Q

What term is used to describe the heart beating in absence of external stimuli

A

Autorhythmicity

30
Q

What does the sympathetic division in the heart result in

A

Stimulation accelerates heart rate
Releases noradrenaline acting on beta1 receptors

31
Q

What does the parasympathetic division of the ANS stimulate

A

Vagus nerve which slows the heart rate
Acetylchlorine acts on M2 receptors

32
Q

How is stroke volume increased

A

If contractile strength of heart is increased

33
Q

How is the contractile strength of the heart increased

A

Sympathetic nerves (found in myocardium) increases the force of contraction hence stroke volume

34
Q

Which blood vessel shows the most resistance

A

Arterioles, pressure decreases when passing through due to smooth muscle layer

35
Q

Which type of nerve fibre supplies the vascular smooth muscle

A

Sympathetic

36
Q

Which type of neurotransmitters acts on the alpha receptors of the sympathetic nerves

A

Noradrenaline

37
Q

What causes the vasomotor tone of vascular smooth muscle

A

Tonic discharge or sympathetic nerves resulting in continuous release or noradrenaline

38
Q

What happens if there is a decrease in sympathetic discharge

A

Decrease in vasomotor tone resulting in vasodilation causing a decrease in MAP and SVR

39
Q

When does baroreceptor firing decrease

A

If high arterial blood pressure is sustained

FoM (38 decks)

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