Biochemistry of Proteins Flashcards
What do anticodons of tRNA molecules form base pairs with during translation
codons on mRNA
Why are amino acids degenerate
more than one codon can code for an amino acid
Why are codons unambiguous
1 codon can only code for 1 amino acid (or a stop)
What are the components needed for translation
Amino acids
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
protein factors
source of energy
RNA
What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses
bind amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecule
highly specific
What provides the energy for the covalent bond to form between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule
hydrolyses of ATP
What do the subunits of RNA consist of
small subunit for binding to ribosomes
large subunit that catalyses formation of peptide bonds
What are the 3 ribosomal binding points for tRNA
Exit
Peptidyl
Aminoacyl
Where does the energy come from needed for initiation of translation
hydrolysis of GTP
How does translation start
ribosomal subunit finds AUG (Start codon) on mRNA
Initiator tRNA with anticodon base pair with this
How does the ribosomal subunit move along the mRNA strand to find the start codon
ATP provides the energy
Where is the initiator tRNA located after anticodon pairs up
P siten (peptidyl)
What brings the next aminoacyl-tRNA after the start codon to the A site
An elongation factor
What happens after peptide bond is formed
peptide now located in A site
empty tRNA moves to E (exit) site
When does termination occur
when the A site of the ribosome encounters a stop codon
