Systems microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which common systems can be infected by pathogens

A

Upper respiratory tract
lower respiratory tract
GI tract

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2
Q

What is a source of microbes for upper and lowery tract infections

A

the mouth

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3
Q

What happens to the number of microbes going down the respiratory tract

A

decreases
gets more sterile

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4
Q

What is a type of common oral microbe

A

oral streptococci

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5
Q

What inhibitory factors for microorganisms does the GIT express

A

anaerobic
acid and bile salts

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6
Q

Why can some bacteria pass through stomach acid/enter gut

A

acid tolerance
surrounded by food particles

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7
Q

How do most microbes enter the GIT

A

food ingestion

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8
Q

What is the bacteria arrangement in the stomach

A

sparsely populated
streptococci
lactobacilli

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9
Q

What is the arrangement of bacteria in the colon

A

very densely populated
complex microflora

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10
Q

what kind of species dominates the colon

A

obligatory anaerobic species

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11
Q

How is the duodenum of the GIT populated

A

sparsely
complex microflora

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12
Q

What microbes is the duodenum mainly populated with

A

streptococci
lactobacilli

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13
Q

Which parts of the GIT are the most populated

A

ileum
colon

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14
Q

What are coliform

A

species of gram negative bacilli that look like E.coli on gram film or when cultured on blood agar

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15
Q

What are the properties of coliforms

A

can be grown aerobically and anaerobically
part of normal bowel flora

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16
Q

How are coliform best grown

A

aerobically

17
Q

how are coliforms differentiated

A

biochemical reactions
O antigens
H antigens

18
Q

What are antigens associated with

A

Cell wall

19
Q

what are H antigens associated with

A

flagella

20
Q

How does the GIT tract stop the proliferation of microbes

A

stomach acid
replacement of mucosa (shedding)
movement of food
bile salt
antibodies
natural flora

21
Q

How does the gut natural flora provide protection against microbes

A

symbiotic/host compatible community
colonisation resistance
competition for nutrients

22
Q

How do bile salts kill microbes

A

damage bacterial membrane

23
Q

What are examples of viral diseases of the GI tract

A

norovirus (winter vomiting bug)
rotavirus

24
Q

What is the most common eukaryotic disease of the GI tract

A

Cryptosporidium

25
Q

What are the types of prokaryotic (bacterial) infections of the GI tract

A

endogenous
exogenous (ingested)

26
Q

What are the most common exogenous prokaryotic infections of the GI tract

A

E.coli
C.diff
campylobacter

27
Q

What are prokaryotic infections of the GIT linked to

A

microbial dysbiois
IBD

28
Q

What range of E.coli variants are linked to disease

A

Shiga toxin-producing (S/VTEC)

29
Q

What are CPE organisms

A

Carbapenemase producing enterobacterals

30
Q

Where do CPE organisms live

A

Gut

31
Q

What are CPE’s thought to cause

A

bacteraemia

32
Q

Where can HGT between organisms occur efficiently

A

the gut

33
Q

Why are CPE’s so resistant to antibiotics

A

horizontal gene trasferì

34
Q

Which infections is C.diff associated with

A

HAI
disease from prescription druga

35
Q

How is the GIT colonised

A

ingestion of nutrients and organisms