Introduction To Bones

Question 1

What is the process of endochondral ossification

Answer 1

Initial hyaline cartilage version grows into bone

Question 2

Where is the epiphysis found

Answer 2

At each end of the bone

Question 3

Where is the epiphyseal growth plate found

Answer 3

Inbetween the epiphysis and metaphysis at each end of the bone

Question 4

Where is the diaphysis found

Answer 4

Found inbetween the 2 ends of the bone

Question 5

When does bone growth stop

Answer 5

When the growth plate of hyalin cartilage ossifies

Question 6

What are the properties of the outer cortex of the bone

Answer 6

Dense, strong
Compact (cortical bone)
Thin outer layer

Question 7

What are the components of the inner medulla of the bone

Answer 7

More porous
Weaker and lighter
Spongy - trabecullar bone

Question 8

Where can bone marrow be found

Answer 8

In the medulla

Question 9

What are the 2 types of bone marrow

Answer 9

Fatty bone marrow
Red bone marrow
Sometimes exist in combination

Question 10

What is the periosteum

Answer 10

Fibrous connective tissue sleeve around bone
Vascularised

Question 11

Why are tears in the periosteum painful

Answer 11

Well inervated

Question 12

How do bony features develop

Answer 12

During bone growth
If adjacent structure applies force/is developing at same time

Question 13

What are the 3 types of fossae

Answer 13

Anterior cranial
Middle cranial
Posterior cranial

Question 14

What are foraminae

Answer 14

A hole for cranial nerves and blood vessels to pass into/out of the cranial cavity

Question 15

How do fractures heal

Answer 15

Callus of new bone surrounds fracture line (collagen collar)
Remodelling of callus

Question 16

How are the 33 vertebrae split

Answer 16

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal - fuse to 1 coccyx

Question 17

Why do vertebrae become larger the more inferior they become

Answer 17

To bear more weight

Question 18

Why do vertebrae become smaller again at the coccyx

Answer 18

Weight bearing is transferred to hip bones

Question 19

Why does spine curvature occur

Answer 19

As spine starts to weight bear forms primary and secondary curvature

Question 20

What are the components of a vertebra

Answer 20

Spinous process
Inferior articular process x2
Superior articular process x2
Transverse processes x2
Vertebral arch
Vertebral foramen

Question 21

What are intervertebral foraminae

Answer 21

Form between adjacent vertebrae
Spinal nerves emerge between them

Question 22

Where does the facet joint form

Answer 22

Between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae

Question 23

What are the unique features of C1

Answer 23

No body
No spinous process
Posterior arch
Anterior arch

Question 24

What are the unique features of C2

Answer 24

Odontoid process which projects superiorly from body

Question 25

What are the unique components of C7

Answer 25

Vertebrae prominens

Question 26

What are the bones of appendicular skeleton

Answer 26

The pectoral girdle
The pelvic girdle

Question 27

What bones does the pectoral girdle consist of

Answer 27

2 scapulae
2 clavicles

Question 28

What bones does the pelvic girdle consist of

Answer 28

2 hip bones
Sacrum

Question 29

What is the long bone of the arm called

Answer 29

Humerous

Question 30

What are the 2 long bones of the forearm known as

Answer 30

Radius (lateral)
Ulna (medial)

Question 31

What are the bones of the hand

Answer 31

Carpal bones (wrist)
Metacarpals (palm/knuckle)
Phalanges

Question 32

What are the 2 long bones of the leg

Answer 32

Tibia
Fibula

Question 33

What are the bones of the foot

Answer 33

Tarsal bones (midfoot)
Metatarsals - forefoot
Phalanges

Question 34

Where is cartilage located

Answer 34

Where mobility is required at articulations