Test 3 - Basics of the Cell

Question 1

cells that form the building blocks of the body

Answer 1

somatic cells

Question 2

cells that are capable of producing gametes

Answer 2

germ cells

Question 3

where are germ cells located

Answer 3

gomads (ovaries and testes)

Question 4

the nuclear division mechanism that maintains the chromosome number

Answer 4

mitosis

Question 5

nuclear division mechanism that halves the chromosome number

Answer 5

meiosis

Question 6

the mechanism by which cytoplasmic machinery is distributed to daughter cells

Answer 6

cytokinesis

Question 7

what is the G0 phase

Answer 7

when some cells are arrested in interphase and never divide again. This is the resting stage

Question 8

what is the G1 phase

Answer 8

the cell acquires DNA building blocks and associated protein, and stories up energy for the next phase

Question 9

what is the S phase

Answer 9

New DNA is synthesiaed

Question 10

what is the G2 phase

Answer 10

the cell replenishes its energy supply and synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosomal manipulation

Question 11

what happens during interphase

Answer 11

G0, G1, S, G2

Question 12

the stuff chromosomes are made of

Answer 12

chromatin

Question 13

what is the location where sister chromatids are joined called

Answer 13

centromere

Question 14

what is a haploid cell

Answer 14

the gametes (egg/sperm)

Question 15

Diploid

Answer 15

the somatic and germ cells

Question 16

the physical, biochemical, or behavioral characteristic of an individual

Answer 16

trait

Question 17

instructions for producing traits encoded on the DNA

Answer 17

Genes

Question 18

the two genes for a given trait in diploid cells

Answer 18

gene pair

Question 19

the location of a particular gene along its chromosome

Answer 19

locus

Question 20

various molecular forms of a gene for the same trait

Answer 20

alleles

Question 21

homozygoes have _______ allelles

Answer 21

identical

Question 22

heterozygoues have _________ alleles

Answer 22

different

Question 23

defined by the alleles that are carried

Answer 23

genotype

Question 24

defined by how the alleles are expressed

Answer 24

phenotype

Question 25

a method of determining a genotype of an unknown individual by crossing a homozygous recessive individual with the individual with the unknown genotype for a particular trait

Answer 25

testcross

Question 26

two non-identical alleles of a gene that are both fully expressed

Answer 26

codominance