Test 3 - Basics of the Cell Flashcards
cells that form the building blocks of the body
somatic cells
cells that are capable of producing gametes
germ cells
where are germ cells located
gomads (ovaries and testes)
the nuclear division mechanism that maintains the chromosome number
mitosis
nuclear division mechanism that halves the chromosome number
meiosis
the mechanism by which cytoplasmic machinery is distributed to daughter cells
cytokinesis
what is the G0 phase
when some cells are arrested in interphase and never divide again. This is the resting stage
what is the G1 phase
the cell acquires DNA building blocks and associated protein, and stories up energy for the next phase
what is the S phase
New DNA is synthesiaed
what is the G2 phase
the cell replenishes its energy supply and synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosomal manipulation
what happens during interphase
G0, G1, S, G2
the stuff chromosomes are made of
chromatin
what is the location where sister chromatids are joined called
centromere
what is a haploid cell
the gametes (egg/sperm)
Diploid
the somatic and germ cells
the physical, biochemical, or behavioral characteristic of an individual
trait
instructions for producing traits encoded on the DNA
Genes
the two genes for a given trait in diploid cells
gene pair
the location of a particular gene along its chromosome
locus
various molecular forms of a gene for the same trait
alleles
homozygoes have _______ allelles
identical
heterozygoues have _________ alleles
different
defined by the alleles that are carried
genotype
defined by how the alleles are expressed
phenotype
a method of determining a genotype of an unknown individual by crossing a homozygous recessive individual with the individual with the unknown genotype for a particular trait
testcross
two non-identical alleles of a gene that are both fully expressed
codominance
