Swine 6 Flashcards
What does PRRSV stand for?
Porcine Reproduction and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
What causes PRRSV?
RNA virus that rapidly mutates into strains without significant cross-protection
What clinical signs are associated with PRRSV?
Late term abortions/early farrowers Off-feed females in gestation Increased pre-weaning mortality Increased growing pig mortality Poorer growing pig ADG and feed efficiency
What is the cost per sow of a PRRS outbreak?
$200 per sow
What is the cost of a sow outbreak due to?
Increased abortions, increased piglet mortality, and increased stillbirths and mummies
What are the disease management options for PRRSV?
Heard closure for >200 days
Depopulation/repopulation
Biosecurity
Vaccination
What biosecurity measures can be taken for management of PRRSV?
People, semen, transportation, supplies, and the filtering of air in sow farms
What is the best current strategy for management of PRRSV?
Close the herd for 200 days to create negative weaned pigs
When should you vaccinate pigs for PRRSV?
At weaning to improve ADG and reduce % mortality if raised in an area at risk for re-infection
How long does it take for pigs to clear PRRSV and cease shedding?
It takes 120-150 days for pigs to clear PRRSV and cease shedding
What is closing the herd designed to do?
to get the whole farm acclimated to PRRSV
How do you ‘close’ the herd?
Bring all replacements into the farm for the next 7 months and expose the her to the virus
What are some ways to expose the herd to the PRRSV?
Live virus incoulation (wild strain on the farm), MLV vaccine only, wild strain first then MLV vaccine, or do nothing
After the wild type of the virus is gone within the closed herd, what should be done?
Use PRRS MLV vaccine to stimulate the herds immunity and keep bad PRRS virus out
What season is PRRS seen more commonly?
in fall/winter
What does PEDV stand for?
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
What type of virus causes PEDV?
a coronavirus
What clinical signs are associated with PEDV?
Severe diarrhea in pigs of all ages, off feed and some vomiting, and death due to dehydration
What pigs are most susceptible to PEDV?
Pigs <14 days of age
How is PEDV spread/
via the fecal-oral route
What is the incubation period of PEDV before clinical signs show?
Very short (12-24 hours) before clinical signs
What is the standard farm response to PEDV?
- Confirm PEDV
- Wean all pigs older than 10-12 days of age
- Feedback entire breeding herd - fecal material neonates
- Euthanize or abort the next 3 weeks of pigs being born
- Clean farrowing houses, hallways extensively
- Start trying to save newborn pigs 21 days after feedback
- Wash sows going into farrowing
- Restrict movement of personnel in farrowing
How do you prevent a farrowing house from becoming endemic of PEDV?
Reduce the amount of virus in the environment while maximizing piglet milk intake - immunity should be passing through the milk, but you have to make sure the environment is clean
When is porcine parvo virus usually diagnosed?
As an increase of mummies at farrowing on herd records
What does porcine parvo virus create?
Mummified fetuses of different sizes
Porcine Parvo Virus is seen most commonly in gilts/sows.
gilts
When should vaccines for porcine parvo virus be givven?
5 and 2 weeks pre-breeding
Routine booster - once per parity
If vaccines are given too early for Porcine Parvo Virus, what can happen?
There is maternal antibody interference
If vaccines are given too late for Porcine Parvo Virus, what can happen?
Infection takes place before protection
What does porcine leptospirosis cause?
Abortions in late term gestation animals and can cause stillborn and weak born pigs
What is leptospirosis infection associated with?
Rodents and contaminated surface water
True or False: Vaccines are not effective for porcine leptospirosis
False - they are effective and cover all of the major serovars
What antibiotics are effective against porcine leptospirosis?
Tetracyclines
What causes porcine erysipelas?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
What does porcine erysipelas cause reproductively?
Abortion due to high fever (>104F)
What characteristic lesions does porcine erysipelas cause?
Diamond shaped, and raised skin lesions
Vaccines for porcine erysipelas are very effective in what population of pigs?
growing gilts - injectible or water soluble
When should porcine erysipelas vaccines be boostered?
Every parity cycle
What antibiotics are effective against porcine erysipelas?
Penicillin or ceftiofur
What does porcine influenza type A virus reproductively?
Abortions due to high fever (>104F)
What clinical signs are associated with porcine influenza type A virus?
Sows off feed, fever, coughing, and nasal discharge
What type of vaccinations are preferred for influenza type A virus and what are they effective against?
they are effective in preventing clinical signs - autogenous vaccines are preferred
What vaccinations should Boars get?
Farrowsure Plus B -Parvo, Lepto, and Ery
Litterguard LTC - E. coli and C. perfringens C
Both are given twice yearly
What vaccinations do acclimating gilts get?
Farrowsure Plus B - Parvo, Lepto, and Ery
Given at 5 and 2 weeks prebreeding
What vaccinations do sows get?
Farrowsure Plus-B - Parvo, Lepto, Ery
2 weeks prebreeding
What factors affect boar fertility?
Age, frequency of use, nutrition, environmental factors, and health status
Collecting boars younger than ___ months of age is generally not advised.
8 months
What are the recommendations for natural breeding in adult boars > 12 months of age?
Maximum of 6 times per week; 2 times in one day
Minimum at least once per week
What are the recommendations for artificial insemination in adult boars >12 months of age?
Maximum of 2 times per week with 3-4 day rest (if less than 4 days there will be an increase in rejected semen)
Minimum at least once per week
True or False: Inconsistency in day and frequency of breeding boars is okay
False
What is the most common acute stress that affects boar fertility?
elevated ambient temperatures and humidity
What other acute stresses can affect boar fertility?
Reactions to vaccinations and transient health problems
When does normal production decrease in relation to ambient temperature?
When temperature increases and remains above 29 C for as little as 48 hours
When does fertility reach its lowest point in relation to rise in ambient temperature?
3-6 weeks after the initial increase
If boar fertility is reduced, the incidence of what is increased in the sow/gilt?
Regular return to estrus will increase - results in failure to conceive
Temperature to which boars are exposed should not exceed what temperature?
28 C
How is management of boar temp done?
Filtered and air conditioned
If boars are in temperatures >28 C, what can be done to cool them off?
Evaporative cooling, drip cooling, and shade or wallows for boars housed outside
What type of vaccines can cause transient increases in body temperature?
modified live vaccines
What are the recommendations for vaccination in boars in regards to monitoring their health status?
Provide adequate isolation periods (30-60 days) to monitor boar sperm production and behavior before entry and normal usage schedules
If possible, vaccination schedules and other health procedures should be staggered such that not all boars in the breeding rotation are treated at the same time
