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Disturbances in Reproduction > SA - Feline Reproduction > Flashcards

SA - Feline Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

How are the queens ovaries different than the dog?

A

They are not completely surrounded by the ovarian bursa as in the dog

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2
Q

What is the size of the vagina of the queen as compared to the dog?

A

It is relatively short - 2cm in length

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3
Q

What aspects of the queen ovary does the ovarian bursa cover?

A

Only the lateral aspect of the ovary

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4
Q

Ovarian remnant syndrome is more common in the cat than in the dog. Where is ectopic ovarian tissue often found?

A

Along the suspensory ligament and other structures

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5
Q

How is the penis oriented in the Tom?

A

It is oriented caudally

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6
Q

Is there an os penis in the Tom?

A

yes

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7
Q

What unique structure is associated with the glans penis in an intactTom?

A

spines

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8
Q

What are spines dependent on?

A

androgens

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9
Q

What are spines diagnostic indicators of?

A

Testosterone presence - cryptorchidism/iatrogenic exposure

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10
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take in the Tom?

A

~47 days

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11
Q

What is the orientation of the testes?

A

cranial to caudal orientation

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12
Q

How is the head of the epididymis oriented?

A

dorsocranial

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13
Q

How is the body of the epididymis oriented?

A

dorsolateral testis

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14
Q

How is the tail of the epididymis oriented?

A

dorsocaudally

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15
Q

What accessory sex glands does the Tom have?

A

Prostate and bulbourethral glands

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16
Q

When does puberty typically occur in the female cat?

A

4-12 months

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17
Q

When does puberty typically occur in the male cat?

A

Average of 9 months - 7-12 months

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18
Q

Do long or short haired cats go into puberty later?

A

long haired

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19
Q

Does time of year effect puberty?

A

Yes - it often occurs in spring more than summer and fall

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20
Q

What other factor aside from seasonality and hair coat affects when a cat goes into puberty?

A

body condition score

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21
Q

What type of breeders are cats?

A

Long day, seasonally polyestrus

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22
Q

What time of year do cats go through estrus?

A

January to September

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23
Q

What type of ovulators are cats?

A

induced ovulators - takes 4 breedings within 2-4 hours

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24
Q

What percentage of queens spontaneously ovulate?

A

30%

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25
Q

What causes queens to spontaneously ovulate?

A

Visual, olfactory, or tactile cues from toms
OR
presence/stimulation from owners

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26
Q

What are the parts of the feline estrus cycle?

A

Proestrus, estrus, interestrus, diestrus, and anestrus

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27
Q

How long is proestrus in cats?

A

0-2 days

28
Q

How long is estrus in cats?

A

2-19 days

29
Q

How long is interestrus in cats?

A

8-10 days

30
Q

How long is diestrus in pseudopregnant cats?

A

~40 days

31
Q

How long is anestrus in cats?

A

~30-90 days

32
Q

How long is diestrus in pregnant cats?

A

~60 days

33
Q

What possible signs can be present in cats during proestrus?

A

Head rubbing, rubbing face, or vocalization - ‘overly friendly/extra affectionate’

34
Q

What behaviors are present in a cat during behavioral estrus?

A

Crouching with back hyperextended, lordosis and tail deviation, treading hind legs, rolling, and yowling

35
Q

What is different about estrus in cats than in dogs?

A

Cats do not have serosanguinous discharge

36
Q

When does interestrus/postestrus happen?

A

when females do not ovulate

37
Q

What occurs during interestrus/postestrus?

A

There is a regression of follicles and new follicular wave

38
Q

What breeds have very short interestrus periods?

A

oriental breeds

39
Q

When does diestrus occur in a cat?

A

following mating and/or successful ovulation

40
Q

How long is pregnancy in cats?

A

63-66 days post ovulation

41
Q

When does anestrus typically occur in cats?

A

During short days - October through December

42
Q

Describe mating in the cat.

A

Male approaches, positions, and grasps the female’s neck. Intromission and ejaculation is very short. Characterized by intesnse yowling of female. Male quickly dismounds and female rolls repetitively (disoriented rolling) and grooms her perineum. Female refuses male for a period of time. Process repeats.

43
Q

What typical analyses are done for feline semen evaluation?

A

Concentration, motility, and morphology

44
Q

Why is it difficult to evaluate a Tom and its potential fertility?

A

They provide a low volume sample, there is low concentration, and the morphology is often low

45
Q

What can be used to collect semen samples in cats?

A

Artificial vaginas, electroejaculation, and urethral catheterization

46
Q

What does use for artificial vaginas require?

A

Extensive training and malleable, willing tom

Not really practical

47
Q

What is required for electroejaculation in the tom?

A

General anesthesia and specially sized rectal probes

48
Q

How is urethral catheterization done?

A

Sedate the cat with dex (very high dose), pass an open ended tom cat catheter 9 cm into the urethra and gently aspirate upon removal

49
Q

What is most infertility in cats related to?

A

Management rather than pathological conditions in the male or female

50
Q

What will you see on vaginal cytology in cats in estrus?

A

> 40-60% cornification

51
Q

What history is important if you are going to do breeding management on a cat?

A

Make sure there has been approximately 14-16 hours of light and ensure that 4 breedings occurred within 2-4 hours

52
Q

What can be done to confirm diestrus and when?

A

Progesterone assay 2 weeks following the tie

53
Q

How can AI be performed in cats?

A

vaginally, transcervically, or surgically

54
Q

How many spermatozoa are required for vaginal AI?

A

80,000,000 spermatozoa

55
Q

How many spermatozoa are required for intrauterine AI?

A

6,000,000 - 8,000,000 spermatozoa

56
Q

What can be used to induce ovulation in the cat?

A

hCG, GnRH, and mechanical

57
Q

What can be used to prevent cyclicity in a cat?

A

Spay, ovulation induction, and melatonin administration

58
Q

What type of placenta does a cat have?

A

zonary, endothelial chorial

59
Q

What is superfecundation?

A

When a cat has litters that are sired by multiple sires

60
Q

What is superfetation?

A

When a cat becomes pregnant with multiple stages of offspring has been reported

61
Q

What is the average length of parturition in the cat?

A

10 hours

62
Q

Do cats have a progesterone drop prior to whelping like dogs?

A

Yes, but without the temperature drop

63
Q

What behaviors do cats show during parturition?

A

Frequently alternates periods of pacing and purring with delivery of kittens. Queen typically squats during delivery of individual kittens

64
Q

Why is dystocia difficult to evaluate in cats?

A

Cats can inhibit or cease parturition during stress so it is hard to determine if it is a true dystocia

65
Q

What feline breeds are predisposed to dystocia?

A

Purebreds and brachycephalic breeds

66
Q

What is done if a cat has dystocia?

A

PE, vaginal exam, fetal heart rates, oxytocin, and C-section

Disturbances in Reproduction (49 decks)

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