Bovine - Reproductive Infections Flashcards
What is the cause of penile fibropapilloma?
papilloma virus
Where is penile fibropapilloma localized?
to the glans area of the penis
What population is typically effected by penile fibropapilloma?
young bulls
How do you treat penile fibropapilloma?
extend penis out, local lidocaine block, cauterize, +/- ligating vessels, +/- topical antibiotics
Why do you need to re-evaluate penile fibropapilloma patients?
there is a possibility of regrowth
How is Tritrichomonas foetus ssp veneralis transmitted?
venereal
What signs will bulls show if they are infected with trichomoniasis?
none - they are asymptomatic carriers for life
What signs will cows show if they are infected by trichomoniasis?
early embryonic death, endometritis, abortion, pyometra
How do you test for trichomoniasis?
cultured preputial material - PCR is supperior
What are the general requirements for testing of trichomoniasis?
it depends by state, but 1 PCR, 3 cultures
Is Trichomoniasis reportable?
yes
Is there treatment for trichomoniasis?
no
What measures do you need to take if you have a cow that is positive with trichomoniasis?
eliminate the infection w/in 6-12 weeks, separate the herd, and/or cull
What measures do you need to take if you have a bull that is positive with trichomoniasis?
slaughter the positives
How do you prevent trichomoniasis spread?
use virgin bulls or follow biosecurity measures -there is a vaccine but the efficacy is questionable
What signs are associated with Campylobacter fetus ssp. Veneralis infection?
transient infertility, sporadic abortions
How is Campylobacter transmitted?
it is venereal - can infect semen, unlikely direct cow to cow
Where does campylobacter live?
in prepucial crypts
Where does campylobacter colonize in the female?
in the anterior vagina and cervix
When is there primary loss due to Campylobacter?
30-70 days of gestation
Once a cow clears a Campylobacter infection, when will they return to normal?
5-6 months after initial infection
How do bulls appear with campylobacter?
no clinical signs
How are bulls diagnosed with Campylobacter?
preputial scrapings
How are cows diagnosed with Campylobacter?
vaginal mucus or aborted material
How is campylobacter treated?
there is minimal success with antibiotics, some success with immunotherapy
How is Campylobacter prevented?
AI, new virgin bull, vaccination (protective and curative)
What causes IBR?
Bovine Herpesvirus-1
How is Bovine Herpesvirus-1 transmitted?
nasal exudate, preputial secretions, infected sperm, fetal fluids and tissues, possible venereal transmission - bulls are intermittent shedders
What are the forms of infection of Bovine Herpesvirs-1
Respiratory, Infectuous pustular vulvovaginitis, infectious pustular balanoposthitis, ocular, encephalomyelitis
What signs of IBR 1-3 days post exposure?
fever, depression, anorexia
What signs do females exhibit of IBR?
painful, inflamed vulva/vagina, increased urinations, pustules, increased discharge
When do clinical signs clear from females with genital IBR?
within 10-14 days
Can IBR cause abortions?
yes, at around 4-8 months
What clinical signs do bulls show of genital IBR?
Swollen, edematous preputial mucosa, pustular to ulcerative lesions around prepuce and penis, decreased libido - several weeks, +/- epidymitis
How is IBR diagnosed?
viral isolation from nasal swabs, vaginal swabs, preputial washings, aborted material, semen
Is there vaccination for IBR?
Yes - MLV and killed
What IBR vaccine do you want to avoid giving to pregnant cows?
modified live
How is Brucella abortus transmitted?
at parturition (fetus, placenta, fluid, milk), ingestion of infected material, infected bulls
Is Brucella a risk to humans?
yes it is zoonotic
What clinical signs do females show if they have brucellosis?
sporadic abortions (typically only once), weak calves, stillborns, retained fetal membrane, or potentially no signs
What clinical signs do males show with brucellosis?
orchitis, epididymitis
Is there treatment for brucellosis, if not why?
No because it is reportable and has been eradicated from this country everywhere except yellowstone
How is Brucellosis diagnosed?
serology, bacteriology, molecular biology, surveillence
Is there a vaccination for Brucellosis?
Yes, the current one we use was developed in the 1990s because the one that was developed in the 40s interfered with diagnostics
When do we vaccinated heifers for brucellosis?
between 4-12 months
How is BVD transmitted?
semen from acutely or persistently infected bulls
How are bulls persistently infected?
they are born that way and become reservoirs, shedding large quantaties of the virus - it can persist in the testicles for a while
Is there a vaccine for BVD?
yes, cytopathic MLV
So if a new bull is introduced onto the farm what should we do?
If it is a virgin you can rule out a couple of infectious causes, then test it
She mentioned things about random encounters.. (flip)
They are at the end of the last ppt. I don’t know if they will be tested on but, I decided not to add them
