Bovine - Reproductive Infections

Question 1

What is the cause of penile fibropapilloma?

Answer 1

papilloma virus

Question 2

Where is penile fibropapilloma localized?

Answer 2

to the glans area of the penis

Question 3

What population is typically effected by penile fibropapilloma?

Answer 3

young bulls

Question 4

How do you treat penile fibropapilloma?

Answer 4

extend penis out, local lidocaine block, cauterize, +/- ligating vessels, +/- topical antibiotics

Question 5

Why do you need to re-evaluate penile fibropapilloma patients?

Answer 5

there is a possibility of regrowth

Question 6

How is Tritrichomonas foetus ssp veneralis transmitted?

Answer 6

venereal

Question 7

What signs will bulls show if they are infected with trichomoniasis?

Answer 7

none - they are asymptomatic carriers for life

Question 8

What signs will cows show if they are infected by trichomoniasis?

Answer 8

early embryonic death, endometritis, abortion, pyometra

Question 9

How do you test for trichomoniasis?

Answer 9

cultured preputial material - PCR is supperior

Question 10

What are the general requirements for testing of trichomoniasis?

Answer 10

it depends by state, but 1 PCR, 3 cultures

Question 11

Is Trichomoniasis reportable?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Is there treatment for trichomoniasis?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

What measures do you need to take if you have a cow that is positive with trichomoniasis?

Answer 13

eliminate the infection w/in 6-12 weeks, separate the herd, and/or cull

Question 14

What measures do you need to take if you have a bull that is positive with trichomoniasis?

Answer 14

slaughter the positives

Question 15

How do you prevent trichomoniasis spread?

Answer 15

use virgin bulls or follow biosecurity measures -there is a vaccine but the efficacy is questionable

Question 16

What signs are associated with Campylobacter fetus ssp. Veneralis infection?

Answer 16

transient infertility, sporadic abortions

Question 17

How is Campylobacter transmitted?

Answer 17

it is venereal - can infect semen, unlikely direct cow to cow

Question 18

Where does campylobacter live?

Answer 18

in prepucial crypts

Question 19

Where does campylobacter colonize in the female?

Answer 19

in the anterior vagina and cervix

Question 20

When is there primary loss due to Campylobacter?

Answer 20

30-70 days of gestation

Question 21

Once a cow clears a Campylobacter infection, when will they return to normal?

Answer 21

5-6 months after initial infection

Question 22

How do bulls appear with campylobacter?

Answer 22

no clinical signs

Question 23

How are bulls diagnosed with Campylobacter?

Answer 23

preputial scrapings

Question 24

How are cows diagnosed with Campylobacter?

Answer 24

vaginal mucus or aborted material

Question 25

How is campylobacter treated?

Answer 25

there is minimal success with antibiotics, some success with immunotherapy

Question 26

How is Campylobacter prevented?

Answer 26

AI, new virgin bull, vaccination (protective and curative)

Question 27

What causes IBR?

Answer 27

Bovine Herpesvirus-1

Question 28

How is Bovine Herpesvirus-1 transmitted?

Answer 28

nasal exudate, preputial secretions, infected sperm, fetal fluids and tissues, possible venereal transmission - bulls are intermittent shedders

Question 29

What are the forms of infection of Bovine Herpesvirs-1

Answer 29

Respiratory, Infectuous pustular vulvovaginitis, infectious pustular balanoposthitis, ocular, encephalomyelitis

Question 30

What signs of IBR 1-3 days post exposure?

Answer 30

fever, depression, anorexia

Question 31

What signs do females exhibit of IBR?

Answer 31

painful, inflamed vulva/vagina, increased urinations, pustules, increased discharge

Question 32

When do clinical signs clear from females with genital IBR?

Answer 32

within 10-14 days

Question 33

Can IBR cause abortions?

Answer 33

yes, at around 4-8 months

Question 34

What clinical signs do bulls show of genital IBR?

Answer 34

Swollen, edematous preputial mucosa, pustular to ulcerative lesions around prepuce and penis, decreased libido - several weeks, +/- epidymitis

Question 35

How is IBR diagnosed?

Answer 35

viral isolation from nasal swabs, vaginal swabs, preputial washings, aborted material, semen

Question 36

Is there vaccination for IBR?

Answer 36

Yes - MLV and killed

Question 37

What IBR vaccine do you want to avoid giving to pregnant cows?

Answer 37

modified live

Question 38

How is Brucella abortus transmitted?

Answer 38

at parturition (fetus, placenta, fluid, milk), ingestion of infected material, infected bulls

Question 39

Is Brucella a risk to humans?

Answer 39

yes it is zoonotic

Question 40

What clinical signs do females show if they have brucellosis?

Answer 40

sporadic abortions (typically only once), weak calves, stillborns, retained fetal membrane, or potentially no signs

Question 41

What clinical signs do males show with brucellosis?

Answer 41

orchitis, epididymitis

Question 42

Is there treatment for brucellosis, if not why?

Answer 42

No because it is reportable and has been eradicated from this country everywhere except yellowstone

Question 43

How is Brucellosis diagnosed?

Answer 43

serology, bacteriology, molecular biology, surveillence

Question 44

Is there a vaccination for Brucellosis?

Answer 44

Yes, the current one we use was developed in the 1990s because the one that was developed in the 40s interfered with diagnostics

Question 45

When do we vaccinated heifers for brucellosis?

Answer 45

between 4-12 months

Question 46

How is BVD transmitted?

Answer 46

semen from acutely or persistently infected bulls

Question 47

How are bulls persistently infected?

Answer 47

they are born that way and become reservoirs, shedding large quantaties of the virus - it can persist in the testicles for a while

Question 48

Is there a vaccine for BVD?

Answer 48

yes, cytopathic MLV

Question 49

So if a new bull is introduced onto the farm what should we do?

Answer 49

If it is a virgin you can rule out a couple of infectious causes, then test it

Question 50

She mentioned things about random encounters.. (flip)

Answer 50

They are at the end of the last ppt. I don't know if they will be tested on but, I decided not to add them