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Disturbances in Reproduction > Bovine - Reproductive Infections > Flashcards

Bovine - Reproductive Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of penile fibropapilloma?

A

papilloma virus

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2
Q

Where is penile fibropapilloma localized?

A

to the glans area of the penis

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3
Q

What population is typically effected by penile fibropapilloma?

A

young bulls

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4
Q

How do you treat penile fibropapilloma?

A

extend penis out, local lidocaine block, cauterize, +/- ligating vessels, +/- topical antibiotics

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5
Q

Why do you need to re-evaluate penile fibropapilloma patients?

A

there is a possibility of regrowth

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6
Q

How is Tritrichomonas foetus ssp veneralis transmitted?

A

venereal

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7
Q

What signs will bulls show if they are infected with trichomoniasis?

A

none - they are asymptomatic carriers for life

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8
Q

What signs will cows show if they are infected by trichomoniasis?

A

early embryonic death, endometritis, abortion, pyometra

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9
Q

How do you test for trichomoniasis?

A

cultured preputial material - PCR is supperior

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10
Q

What are the general requirements for testing of trichomoniasis?

A

it depends by state, but 1 PCR, 3 cultures

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11
Q

Is Trichomoniasis reportable?

A

yes

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12
Q

Is there treatment for trichomoniasis?

A

no

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13
Q

What measures do you need to take if you have a cow that is positive with trichomoniasis?

A

eliminate the infection w/in 6-12 weeks, separate the herd, and/or cull

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14
Q

What measures do you need to take if you have a bull that is positive with trichomoniasis?

A

slaughter the positives

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15
Q

How do you prevent trichomoniasis spread?

A

use virgin bulls or follow biosecurity measures -there is a vaccine but the efficacy is questionable

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16
Q

What signs are associated with Campylobacter fetus ssp. Veneralis infection?

A

transient infertility, sporadic abortions

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17
Q

How is Campylobacter transmitted?

A

it is venereal - can infect semen, unlikely direct cow to cow

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18
Q

Where does campylobacter live?

A

in prepucial crypts

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19
Q

Where does campylobacter colonize in the female?

A

in the anterior vagina and cervix

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20
Q

When is there primary loss due to Campylobacter?

A

30-70 days of gestation

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21
Q

Once a cow clears a Campylobacter infection, when will they return to normal?

A

5-6 months after initial infection

22
Q

How do bulls appear with campylobacter?

A

no clinical signs

23
Q

How are bulls diagnosed with Campylobacter?

A

preputial scrapings

24
Q

How are cows diagnosed with Campylobacter?

A

vaginal mucus or aborted material

25
Q

How is campylobacter treated?

A

there is minimal success with antibiotics, some success with immunotherapy

26
Q

How is Campylobacter prevented?

A

AI, new virgin bull, vaccination (protective and curative)

27
Q

What causes IBR?

A

Bovine Herpesvirus-1

28
Q

How is Bovine Herpesvirus-1 transmitted?

A

nasal exudate, preputial secretions, infected sperm, fetal fluids and tissues, possible venereal transmission - bulls are intermittent shedders

29
Q

What are the forms of infection of Bovine Herpesvirs-1

A

Respiratory, Infectuous pustular vulvovaginitis, infectious pustular balanoposthitis, ocular, encephalomyelitis

30
Q

What signs of IBR 1-3 days post exposure?

A

fever, depression, anorexia

31
Q

What signs do females exhibit of IBR?

A

painful, inflamed vulva/vagina, increased urinations, pustules, increased discharge

32
Q

When do clinical signs clear from females with genital IBR?

A

within 10-14 days

33
Q

Can IBR cause abortions?

A

yes, at around 4-8 months

34
Q

What clinical signs do bulls show of genital IBR?

A

Swollen, edematous preputial mucosa, pustular to ulcerative lesions around prepuce and penis, decreased libido - several weeks, +/- epidymitis

35
Q

How is IBR diagnosed?

A

viral isolation from nasal swabs, vaginal swabs, preputial washings, aborted material, semen

36
Q

Is there vaccination for IBR?

A

Yes - MLV and killed

37
Q

What IBR vaccine do you want to avoid giving to pregnant cows?

A

modified live

38
Q

How is Brucella abortus transmitted?

A

at parturition (fetus, placenta, fluid, milk), ingestion of infected material, infected bulls

39
Q

Is Brucella a risk to humans?

A

yes it is zoonotic

40
Q

What clinical signs do females show if they have brucellosis?

A

sporadic abortions (typically only once), weak calves, stillborns, retained fetal membrane, or potentially no signs

41
Q

What clinical signs do males show with brucellosis?

A

orchitis, epididymitis

42
Q

Is there treatment for brucellosis, if not why?

A

No because it is reportable and has been eradicated from this country everywhere except yellowstone

43
Q

How is Brucellosis diagnosed?

A

serology, bacteriology, molecular biology, surveillence

44
Q

Is there a vaccination for Brucellosis?

A

Yes, the current one we use was developed in the 1990s because the one that was developed in the 40s interfered with diagnostics

45
Q

When do we vaccinated heifers for brucellosis?

A

between 4-12 months

46
Q

How is BVD transmitted?

A

semen from acutely or persistently infected bulls

47
Q

How are bulls persistently infected?

A

they are born that way and become reservoirs, shedding large quantaties of the virus - it can persist in the testicles for a while

48
Q

Is there a vaccine for BVD?

A

yes, cytopathic MLV

49
Q

So if a new bull is introduced onto the farm what should we do?

A

If it is a virgin you can rule out a couple of infectious causes, then test it

50
Q

She mentioned things about random encounters.. (flip)

A

They are at the end of the last ppt. I don’t know if they will be tested on but, I decided not to add them

Disturbances in Reproduction (49 decks)

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