Equine - Mare BSE Flashcards
What are the indications for a breeding soundness exam?
pre-breeding evaluation or pre-purchase evaluation
What are all of the components of a complete BSE?
history, PE, reproductive exam, vaginal exam, endometrial culture and cytology, and endometrial biopsy
What general history information should you get at BSE?
breed, age, vaccination and deworming history, boarding facilities, performance and travel history, previous vs. intended use, medical and surgical history, and feeding schedule/changes
What reproductive history information should you get?
Information about the estrous cycle, previous breedings/pregnancies, previous foaling experience, breeding method, abortions, evidence of vaginal discharge
What questions about the estrous cycle history should you ask?
Does she show heat? Interval between heats? Last known heat? Teasing ability? Teasing method?
What should you examine on an external evaluation for BSE?
the mammary system, conformation of the vulva, perineum, and anus, Caslicks, vaginal discharge, and clitoral evaluation
What is normal perineal conformation?
long axis of vulva should be vertical, well apposed vulvar labia, intact perineum, anus should not be sunken, and intact vestibulo vaginal seal
What are the steps of the Caslick’s procedure?
- Sedate and restrain more
- Clean and sanitize perineum then local anesthesia was injected locally into the vulvar lips
- Two vertical incisions were made through the submucosal and connective tissue layers of the vulvar lips
- Stitches were used to pull together the lips vertically
- The sutures should be removed after 10-14 days
How is internal evaluation of the reproductive tract done?
transrectal palpation/ultrasound
What should be evaluated internally?
Cervix/uterine body/uterine horns/ ovaries, cyclicity, abnormalities, pregnancy
How big should the ovaries be?
they should fit in the palm of your hand - kidney bean shaped
How, structurally, should the uterus be during anestrus? Early estrus? Late estrus? Diestrus?
Anestrus - Flaccid, thin walled, quiescent
Early estrus - thicker, more vascular, heavy
Late estrus - heavy, thick walled
Diestrus - toned
How, structurally, should the ovaries be during anestrus? Early estrus? Late estrus? Diestrus?
Anestrus - small, firm, inactive
Early estrus - Small follicles
Late estrus - medium to large follicles
Diestrus - follicles of various sizes, CL present
How, structurally, should the vagina be during anestrus? Early estrus? Late estrus? Diestrus?
Anestrus - pale, dry
Early estrus - pink, moist
Late estrus - purple-red, vascular, moist
Diestrus - pale, dry
How, structurally, should the cervix be during anestrus? Early estrus? Late estrus? Diestrus?
Anestrus - pale, dry, high and tightly closed
Early estrus - softening, moist, and pink
Late estrus - very soft, reddish pink, dropped to the floor
Diestrus - pale, dry, high and tightly closed
How can the vagina be examined?
via speculum or manual examination
What is the objective of doing a uterine (endometrial) culture?
determine whether microorganisms are present within the cavity of the uterus causing endometritis
When is a uterine culture indicated outside of a BSE?
prior to live cover or shipped semen or problem mares
When are samples collected for a uterine culture?
during any season or stage of the estrous cycle but the preference is during the breeding season during early estrus
What are the steps of sample collection for uterine culture?
- Clean perineum
- sterile sleeve +/- sterile gloves
- Sterile lubricant
- Pass double-guared swab through opened vulvar lips, vestibule, vagina and to the opening of the external cervical os
- Advance the inner guard from the outer guard and expose the swab to the uterine lumen
- Withdraw inner guard into outer guard
- Avoid contamination of the swab going in and out
- Place swab into transport system and submit to laboratory for AEROBIC culture
What are the common isolated organisms in a uterine culture?
beta-hemolytic streptococci (zooepidemicus), E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Postive results do not necessarily indicate endometritis - what are come common contaminants of uterine culture?
alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Actinobacillus equuli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pasteurella-like species, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Proteus, Citrobacter, Alcaligenes, and Aeromonas
How is a uterine cytology done?
- Many times taken immediately after the culture swab
- Roll on to a glass microscope slide (or two)
- Stain with Diff Quik of Modified Wright’s
- View microscopically for evidence of neutrophils, debris and microorganisms
When would you want to do a low volume lavage?
in trouble mares
