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Disturbances in Reproduction > Bovine - Male Anatomy > Flashcards

Bovine - Male Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

temperature control

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2
Q

What is the function of the tunica dartos?

A

It contracts or relaxes to control the closeness of the testis to the body

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3
Q

What is contained in the spermatic cord?

A

ductus deferens, vasculature, lymphatics, and nerves

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4
Q

What is the visceral tunic?

A

The out pouching of the peritoneum through the inguinal canal. It is adhered to the tunica albuginea

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5
Q

What is the parietal tunic?

A

the outer layer of the vaginal tunic, against the outer layers of thr scrotum

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6
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

The fibrous capsule surrounding the testicle - it forms the framework within the testicle

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7
Q

Where are the sertoli cells located?

A

they line the seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

What do the sertoli cells form?

A

the blood-testes barrier

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9
Q

How does FSH affect the sertoli cells?

A

it leads to sertoli cell proliferation

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10
Q

Why are sertoli cells considered ‘nurse cells’?

A

because they produce spermatozoa

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11
Q

Aside from producing spermatozoa, what else to sertoli cells produce?

A

anti-mullerian hormone and androgen binding protein - they also secrete inhibin

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12
Q

What is anti-mullerian hormone in charge of?

A

regressing the mullerian ducts from forming

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13
Q

What is the role of inhibin?

A

it provides negative feedback on FSH release

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14
Q

What are leydig cells similar to in the cow?

A

the thecal cells

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15
Q

How does LH effect leydig cells?

A

it stimulates them to produce testosterone

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16
Q

What other type of production do leydig cells aid in?

A

Androgen production for spermatogenic cell maturation and works with sertoli cells to convert androgens and testosterone to estrogens

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17
Q

What are the steps of spermatogenesis?

A
  1. Spermatogonia
  2. Primary spermatocyte
  3. Secondary spermatocyte
  4. Spermatid
  5. Elongation, condensation, acrosome cap
  6. Spermatozoa
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18
Q

What is the route that sperm take to get out of the body?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules (convoluted to straight)
  2. Rete testis
  3. Efferent ductules
  4. Epididymis
  5. Ductus deferens
  6. Urethra
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19
Q

What occurs in the seminiferous tubules?

A

It is for development and maturation of the spermatogonia to the spermatozoa

20
Q

Where is the rete testis located?

A

within the mediastinum testis

21
Q

What role does the rete testis play?

A

it serves as a connection between the seminiferous tubules to the head of the epididymis

22
Q

Where is the ductus deferens located?

A

It is a continuation of the epididymis - tranverses through the inguinal canal to the ampulla

23
Q

What type of penis does the bull have?

A

fiberelastic penis

24
Q

What is the corpus cavernosum?

A

Also known as the crura - it is a paired erectile tissue that joins to form the body of the penis

25
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

Also known as the bulb of the penis - it surrounds the urethra

26
Q

What are the muscles of the bull penis?

A

ischiocavernosum, bulbospongiousum, and retractor penis muscle

27
Q

Where is the sigmoid flexure located?

A

It is the s shaped curve of the penis cranial to the scrotum

28
Q

What is the glans?

A

the tip or free end of the penis

29
Q

Why does the glans have a counterclockwise twist?

A

It is due to the twist of the apical ligament attachment

30
Q

What is the raphe of the penis?

A

it is the seam on the ventrum of the penis

31
Q

What is the prepuse made up of?

A

the external fold, the internal fold, and the prepucial orifice

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the penis?

A

testicular artery, internal iliac artery and its branches

33
Q

What main nerve is associated with the penis?

A

the pudendal

34
Q

Explain the hormone feedback that leads to spermatogenesis.

A

FSH acts on the sertoli cell then T4 is converted to estrogens which provides negative feedback on FSH. Inihibin also works to provide negative feedback on FSH which leads to spermatogenesis

35
Q

What happens to spermatogenesis if you administer exogenous testosterone?

A

There will be an increased systemic concentration resulting in negative feedback, reducing LH and reducing endogenous testosterone production, thereby inhibiting spermatogenesis.

36
Q

What happens if you administer LH or GnRH to a bull?

A

You will stimulate endogenous testosterone production and don’t upse the balance of androgen within the tubules

37
Q

Why is the age of onset of puberty important?

A

Earlier is better than later because you can reduce the genetic interval, increase genetic gains, and collect and freeze semen

38
Q

Which breeds are earlier to puberty?

A

Bos taurus

39
Q

What does scrotal circumference correlate with?

A

Semen production and daughter fertility - the bigger the better

40
Q

What other factors can effect the onset of puberty?

A

nutrition, genetics, and management (BCS)

41
Q

At what age does spermatogenesis typically occur?

A

12 months fo age in bos taurus, 30-40 in bos indicus

42
Q

How does age correlate with sperm reserve in the epididymis?

A

The older they get, the more that they can reserve, the longer they can stay out with females

43
Q

What are proximal droplets an indicator of?

A

immaturity

44
Q

What are abnormal heads in sperma an indicator of?

A

immaturity

45
Q

What behavior is important to determining if a bull is ready to breed?

A

the ability to mount the female

46
Q

What can feeding the bulls impact?

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis, testicular size, and semen output

Disturbances in Reproduction (49 decks)

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