Bovine - Cystic Ovarian Disease and Anestrus Flashcards
What are some other names for cystic ovarian follicles?
Nymphomania, ovarian cysts, cystic ovarian degeneration or disease, cystic ovaries
Why are cystic ovarian follicles so bad?
Because they are a major cause of economic loss in production systems due to an increased number of open days and the drug cost is more to try and sync them
Why is an increased number of open days bad?
Because that means there are extending calving intervals and inconsistent cycling and calving
Post-calving, what is the voluntary waiting period for breeding in dairy cattle?
60 days
What is the classical definition of cystic ovarian follicles?
Presence of an anovulatory structure on the ovary more than 2.5 cm in diameter and which has persisted for at least 10 days in the absence of a corpus luteum
Why is the classical definition of cystic ovarian follicles troublesome?
Cows typically ovlate between 1.6 - 1.9 cm follicles, this definition leaves out many follicles within 19-25 mm
10 days is also in question, due to the dynamic changes follicles have - new follicles could become cystic and replace a particular follicle that may or may not have been cystic
Absence of the corpus lutea is not universally accepted
What is the ‘newer’ definition of cystic ovarian follicles?
Presence of a follicle(s) with a diameter of at least 20 mm, present on one or both ovaries in the absence of any active luteal tissue, and which clearly interferes with normal ovarian cyclicity
What is the sub-classification of cysts based on?
the degree of luteinization and progesterone concentration in blood or milk
Describe a follicular cyst.
thin walled and secretes verying amounts of estradiol
In a follicular cyst, what dictates the amount of estradiol in the follicular fluid?
the layers of granulosa cells
Describe a luteal cyst.
thicker walled than follicular cysts - the granulosa and theca cells have undergone some degree of luteinization and they secrete varying amounts of progesterone
Luteal cysts are presumed to be follicular cysts that have undergone _____ _______.
some luteinization
Do beef or dairy cattle typically get cystic ovarian follicles more?
dairy
___% of dairy cows will spontaneously recover from COF prior to their first post-partum ovulation and never be diagnosed.
60%
When is cystic ovarian follicles seen in beef cattle?
in intensely managed herds - more commonly in ART programs
Physiologically, why do cystic ovarian follicles occur?
there is dysfunction or neuroendocrine imbalance with the HPG axis causing ovulation failure
What is the primary hypothesis for the physiologic cause of cystic ovarian follicles?
there is an altered release of LH from the pituitary gland - LH surge is absent, there are insufficient amounds, or there is improper timing
What additional factors could lead to the physiologic cause of cystic ovarian follicles?
oxidative stress, NEB, liver metabolism function, or intra-follicular factors
