Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacte LEC > Streptococcus Part 2 > Flashcards

Streptococcus Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

• Normal flora of the GIT & Vaginal tract
• Gram positive cocci in chains
• Beta hemolytic in BAP

A

Group B: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Component of Group B: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

• Anti-phagocytic
• inhibits complement activation
• able to mimic host molecules, enhancing pathogenicity.

A

polysaccharide capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

S. agalactiae

2 types

A

• Neonatal Infection: pneumonia, meningitis & sepsis

Early onset - 1st week of life
Late onset - after 1st week to 3rd month of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

S. agalactiae

Adult Streptococcal infection:

Mostly nosocomial
Immunocompromised
host

A

• Skin & soft tissue infections
• Pneumonia
• Septic arthritis
• Bacteremia
• UTI
• endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GBS: S. agalactiae

Diagnostic Laboratory Tests

A
  1. CAMP Test
  2. SODIUM HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CAMP Test

A

• Christie, Atkins and Munch-Peterson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GBS: S. agalactiae DIAGNOSTIC test

• ВАР
• Do not incubate anaerobically or with increase CO2 to prevent false reaction

A

CAMP Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Positive indicator for CAMP

A

(+)= Arrowhead zone of remolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SODIUM HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS
Procedure:

A

0.4 ml 1% Na hippurate
+
loopful of organisms
(incubate 32°C for 10 mins.)
+
0.2ml ninhydrin solution
(reincubate 37° for 10 mins)
=
(+) deep purple color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Group C, F & G: Miscellaneous Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus

•______-hemolytic streptococci
• Normal microbiota:
• Endogenous strain:
• Direct contact:

A

beta

skin, nasopharynx, GIT, GUT

gain access to sterile site

person to person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Group C, F & G: on 5% Sheep Blood Agar

• B-hemolytic
streptococci
• Grayish white, glistening;
• wide zone of B-hemolysis

A

Group C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Group C, F & G: on 5% Sheep Blood Agar

• B-hemolytic
streptococci
• Grayish white, small, matte;
• narrow to wide zone of B-hemolysis

A

Group F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Group C, F & G: on 5% Sheep Blood Agar

• B-hemolytic
streptococci
• Grayish white, small, matte;
• narrow to wide zone of B-hemolysis

A

Group F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Group C, F & G: on 5% Sheep Blood Agar

• 8-hemolytic streptococci
• Grayish white, matte;
• wide zone of B-hemolysis

A

Group G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Group C & G

A

• S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus,
• S. equi subsp. equi
• S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis,
• S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae
• S. anginosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

• Cause infection similar to Group A
• Pharyngitis, skin & soft tissue infections, and bacteremia

A

Group C & G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Group C, F & G: Species & Diseases

• S. anginosus

• Cause cellulitis
• abscesses
• bacteremia

A

Group F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Group C, F & G: Identification
• Negative:
• Susceptible to
• S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis =

• S. anginosus (C,G,F) =

A

CAMP, PYR, Bile Esculin Hydrolysis, Hippurate

SXT

Vp (-); Vp(+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Group C, F & G: Identification

Biochemical reaction & serological testing
• Serological test:

A

• Extract + antisera (with latex beads for visualization)
• Observe for AGGLUTINATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae :
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Gram(+) diplococci
• Requires____ → Capnophilic
•[capsule??], non-motile, non-spore forming
•[growth condition???], fastidious
•____-hemolytic

A

5 to 10% CO2

encapsulated

facultative anaerobe

alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae :
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Gram(+) diplococci
• Requires____ → Capnophilic
• [capsule???], non-motile, non-spore forming
•[growth condition???], fastidious
•____-hemolytic

A

5 to 10% CO2

encapsulated

facultative anaerobe

alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae :
MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTORS

A

• CAPSULAR ANTIGENS
- M-CHON
• PNEUMOLYSIN
• Autolysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae :
MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTORS

• immunologically distinct for each type
• Resist phagocytosis

A

CAPSULAR ANTIGENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae :
MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTORS

M-CHON:

A

Type-specific CHON antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae :
MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTORS

• released in cell lysis, hemolytic
• Antiphagocytic, Activates complement

A

PNEUMOLYSIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae :
MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTORS

•: aids in the release of pneumolysin

A

Autolysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae : EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS & CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• RT → sinuses & middle ear →______

A

sinusitis & otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae : EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS & CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

DISEASE:

A

• pneumonia, bacteremia, & meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

• community-acquired bacterial pneumonia;
• most common in U.S. (rusty sputum)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae : MOT

A

• person to person contact
• respiratory droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Diagnostic Laboratory Tests
1. MICROSCOPIC:

S. Pneumoniae

A

• Gram(+) lancet-shaped diplococci

32
Q

S. pneumoniae

  1. CULTURE:
    BAP:______, @_____
    • wide zone of__-hemolysis (aerobically)
    • MORPHOLOGY???
    Colonies later develop a “____“-like appearance
A

5-10% CO2; 35-37 C (24 hrs.)
Alpha

Mucoid, dome shape, transparent colonies

crater

33
Q

S. Pneumoniae LAB Diagnosis

A

Optochin Test/ Taxo P:

Bile Solubility Test:

Quellung Test:

34
Q

Optochin Test/ Taxo P:
•reagent:_______
=______[suscpetibilty]

A

Ethylhydrocupreine HCI (5 ug)
v (+)

14mm or more, Susceptible

35
Q

Bile Solubility Test:
*reagent: Bile salts (Na deoxycholate; Na taurocholate)
v (+).

Positive: ____

A

autolysis (clear solution)

36
Q

Quellung Test:

A

Swollen capsule (Ag-Abreaction)

37
Q

S. pneumoniae

TREATMENT

• Acquired resistance to penicillin, macrolides, & cephalosporins
• Sensitivity testing is necessary → TREATMENT

A

• Penicillin, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, tmp/smx (STX)

38
Q

S. Pneumoniae

PREVENTION
•

A

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

39
Q

Streptococcus bovis group :
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

→ single species

A

• S. bovis & S. equinus

40
Q

S. bovis

• Others

A

: S. gallolyticus, S. infantarius, S. alactolyticus

41
Q

S. bovis

• Characteristics:
• Lancefield Group____
• Bile esculin____ PYR___
• Unable to grow in_____
• Alpha or gamma hemolytic

A

D

(+); (-)

6.5% NaCl broth

42
Q

S. bovis

• Diseases:

A

Bacteremia, septicemia, endocarditis

43
Q

S. bovis

• Diseases:

A

Bacteremia, septicemia, endocarditis

44
Q

Enterococcus group :
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Lancefield group___ Antigen

A

D

45
Q

Enterococcus

• Species:

A

• E. faecalis
• E. faecium
• E. durans, E. avium, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, E. dispar, & E. canis

46
Q

Enterococcus group :
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
•_________ on SBA
• may be found in the environment
• Normal flora of_______
• Nosocomial infections

A

Alpha or non hemolytic

GIT, skin, oral cavity, & GUT

47
Q

Enterococcus

High risk: immunocompromised, patients with invasive procedure, & prolonged antibiotic treatment

A

• immunocompromised, patients with invasive procedure, & prolonged antibiotic treatment
Diagnostic Laboratory Tests

48
Q

Diagnostic Laboratory Tests

Name of the test:______
Example A: Positive - Group D streptococcus (Enterococcus species)
Example B: Negative - Group B streptococcus

A

Bile Esculin test

49
Q

The selective agent Die, innions most gram positive bacteria

A

Acid family far

50
Q

in the medium is hydrolyzed to esculetin and dextrose

The_____ reacts with ferrie chloride in the media to form a _____color.

A

Esculin

esculetin

black-brown

51
Q

Diagnostic Laboratory Tests

• Purpose:
• Differentiate Enterococcus from
Streptococcus bovis group which are intolerant

A

6.5% SALT BROTH OR SALT TOLERANCE TEST

52
Q

6.5% SALT BROTH OR SALT TOLERANCE TEST

• Principle:
• If growth is present in both broth (w/ salt & w/o salt), the organism is salt tolerant.

A
53
Q

FACTS:

• has intrinsic resistance to beta lactam antibiotics
• Combination treatment: beta lactam (penicillin or vancomycin) with aminoglycosides
• Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) → first reported in 1986

A

Enterococcus

54
Q

Viridans

A

• S. mutans
• S. salivarius
• S. mitis
• S. sanguinis
• S. constellatus
• S. intermedius

55
Q

VIRIDANS GROUP

BAP:

A

a-hemolytic w/ greenish discoloration

56
Q

Normal flora of the human oropharynx, GIT & female genital tract

A

Viridans

57
Q

Viridans

• Diseases:

A

> subacute bacterial endocarditis
Bacteremia & septicemia
Dental caries

58
Q

VIRIDANS GROUP: Laboratory Diagnosis

_____to bile (sodium deoxycholate), & _____optochin to most presumptive tests for Streptococcus
_____to mannitol & sorbitol
_____to urease & VP reaction

A

Resistant
Negative
Positive
Positive

59
Q

= requires cysteine or pyridoxal (vitamin B6) for growth

A

NUTRITIONALLY VARIANT STREPTOCOCCI (NVS)

60
Q

= Given the new genus Abiotrophia & Granulicatella

A

NUTRITIONALLY VARIANT STREPTOCOCCI (NVS)

61
Q

Other Catalase (-) Streptococcal Like
Organisms

A

Aerococcus viridans
Leuconostoc spp.
Pediococcus
Leuconostoc & Pediococcus
Lactococcus & Gemella

62
Q

• rare cause of endocarditis & meningitis Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)

A

Aerococcus viridans

63
Q

• NF of LGIT, isolated occasionally from abscesses

A

Pediococcus

64
Q

Leuconostoc & Pediococcus
• exhibit resistance to____

A

Vancomycin

65
Q

Summary of Laboratory Diagnosis: GAS
• Wide zone of beta hemolysis
• Bacitracin

• PYR

• SXT

• CAMP

A

susceptible

positive

resistant

negative

66
Q

Summary of Laboratory Diagnosis: GBS
• beta hemolysis (narrow zone)
• CAMP _____
• Hippurate ____
• Bacitracin____
• SXT ____
• PYR_____
• Bile-esculin hydrolysis _____

A

positive

positive

resistant

resistant

negative

negative

67
Q

Summary of Laboratory Diagnosis:
Pneumococci

• Optochin Test/ Taxo P: (+)
• Bile Solubility Test:
• Quellung Test:

A

14mm or >

autolysis (clear solution)

swollen capsule

68
Q

Group D Enterococcus

Bile- Esculin media
6.5% NaCl
PYR

A

+
+
+

69
Q

Group D Non-Entero-coccus

Bile- Esculin media
6.5% NaCl
PYR

A

-

70
Q

Not Group D

Bile- Esculin media
6.5% NaCl
PYR

A

-

71
Q

Treatment

(GAS; also, pneumococci)

A

• Penicillin G

72
Q

Treatment
(TSS)

A

Clindamycin

73
Q

Treatment

(enterococci, pneumococci)

A

Ampicillin or vancomycin

74
Q

Treatment

(pneumococci)
(meningitis)

A

• 1st gen. cephalosporin

• 3rd generation cephalosporin with or without vancomycin

75
Q

T or F

Most are sensitive to Erythromycin

A

True

Bacte LEC (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions