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Bacte LEC > Bacterial Structure > Flashcards

Bacterial Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Oldest known forms of life on earth

Earliest fossils are prokaryotes (where bacteria are part of) over 3.5 billion years ago

A

BACTERIA

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2
Q

DIVISION OF MICROBIOLOGY

A

Virology
Mycology
Parasitology
Phycology
Bacteriology

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3
Q
  • study of viruses

Scientific discipline dealing with the biology of viruses including molecular biology and biochemistry.

A

VIROLOGY

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4
Q

Viral diseases including physiology, epidemiology and clinical aspects of viruses.

It has acquired a broader significance as it encompasses the study of ecology, evolution of viruses, interaction among viruses and other microorganisms, and the ability of viruses to deliver their own heterologous genetic information into cells

A

VIROLOGY

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5
Q

Virology

The specificity of the discipline came from the concept of the virus as a_____, very different from other microorganisms, and indeed, have very peculiar characteristics.

A

replicative organism

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6
Q

small intact infectious agents

can only reproduce inside a cell they have infected

A

VIRUSES

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7
Q

Viruses

Consist of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by protein, sometimes an_______

A

envelope of glycoprotein

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8
Q

______, including_____, are obligatory intracellular parasites containing both nucleic acids and proteins and are the most widespread species on earth.

A

Viruses

bacteriophages

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9
Q

When a____ infects a cell, this leads to profound changes of cellular homeostasis and in turn, alteration of organ functions.

A

virion

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10
Q

Study of protozoans and helminths

Study of the interaction between parasites and their hosts

A

PARASITOLOGY

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11
Q

In general,_____ tend to concentrate on eukaryotic parasites (lice, mites, protozoa and worms) with prokaryotic and other infectious agents as the focus of fields such as bacteriology, microbiology, and virology.

A

parasitologists

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12
Q

Parasitology

It’s estimated that at least half of all known species are parasitic, so understanding the_____ and _____ of these organisms wilth their host is often key to understanding the dynamics of ecosystems generally.

A

life cycle and interaction

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13
Q

______cause millions of deaths and billions of infections in humans every year
_____ of crops and animals can have equally devastating effects by disrupting global food supplies and people’s livelihoods

A

Parasites

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14
Q

• Unicellular eukaryotic organisms, enclosed in a membrane, and contain visible organelles

A

PROTOZOANS

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15
Q

______, worms (tapeworms, roundworms, flatworms), also have a microscopic stage in their lifecycle.

A

Multicellular parasites

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16
Q

are microscopic one-celled organisms that can be free-living or parasitic in nature.

They are able to multiply in humans, which contributes to their survival and also permits serious infecitons to develop from just a single organism.

A

PROTOZOA

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17
Q

Protozoa that live in the blood or tissue of humans are transmitted to other humans by an_____
• Bite of mosquito or sandfly

A

arthropod vector

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18
Q

Singular:

Single-celled eukaryotes
Similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure

A

Protozoan

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19
Q

• Live freely in water; some live in animal hosts
• Asexual (most) and sexual reproduction

A

Protozoan

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20
Q

Protozoan

Most are capable of locomotion by

A

Pseudopodia
Cilia
Flagella

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21
Q

Locomotion

  • cell extensions that flow in direction of travel
  • numerous, short, hairlike protrusions that propel organisms through environment
  • extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia
    Example: Entamoeba histolytica
A

Pseudopodia

Cilia

Flagella

22
Q
  • study of fungi, its importance to us and to ecology, and conservation is unsurpassed by any of the branches of biological sciences
A

Mycology

23
Q

Fungi examples

A

Yeasts
Molds

24
Q

• Unicellular or multicellular, thick cell wall
• Develop from spores or fragments of hyphae

A

Fungi (yeasts, molds)

25
Q

______- scientific study of algae

Also referred to as “______,” plays a vital role in biology because algae are important in ecosystems

A

Phycology

Alcology

26
Q

Mainly aquatic (fresh/saltwater), contain chlorophyll, carry out photosynthesis

Some species produce neurotoxins which can concentrate in fish or shellfish and cause poisoning when eaten by humans

A

ALGAE

27
Q

Very primitive plant, and one of the first types of plants to evolve photosynthetic capabilities which allows the plant to use its green chlorophyll to turn into carbon dioxide and water into food with energy from the sun

Primarily aquatic plants that lack the structures that terrestrial plants used to stand upright.

A

Algae

28
Q

Study of bacteria
•
Evolved from the need of physicians to test and apply the Germ theory of disease

A

Bacteriology

29
Q

• During this period great emphasis was placed on applying Koch’s postulates to test proposed
cause-and-effect relationships between bacteria and specific diseases.

• Today, most bacterial diseases of humans and their etiologic agents have been identified.
• Althought important variants continue to evolve and
sometimes emerge.

A

Bacteriology

30
Q

are relatively simple, single-celled (unicellular) organisms.

• Live freely in the environment.

A

BACTERIA

31
Q

BACTERIA
Multiply by…

A

binary fission

32
Q

(true bacteria);

(ancient bacteria) - different cell walls

A

Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

33
Q

• Do not have a nuclear membrane, are metabolically
active and divide by binary fission
• Major cause of disease
- Sophisticated and highly adaptable

A

Bacteria

34
Q

T or F

Many bacteria multiply at rapid rates

A

True

35
Q

Different species can utilize an enormous variety of hydrocarbon substrates, including phenol, rubber, and petroleum.

A

Bacteria

36
Q

•
This organisms exist widely in both parasitic and free-living forms

Because they are ubiquitous and have a remarkable capacity to adapt to changing environments by selection of spontaneous mutants.

A

Bacteria

37
Q

Bacteria range in size from______ in width or diameter and up to_____ in length for the nonspherical species.

A

0.2-2 microns

1-10 microns

38
Q

Single-celled organisms–each of it is made up of only one cell.

A

Bacteria

39
Q

T or F

Some species can live under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure

A

True

40
Q

T or F

Human body is full of bacteria-it is estimated to contain more bacterial cells than human cells

A

True

41
Q

T or F

Most bacteria in the body are harmless, and some are helpful

A relatively small number of species cause disease.

A

True

42
Q

The largest known bacterium is______, with spheroidal diameters from
______

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

100-750 microns

43
Q

• Spherical bacteria as small as_____in diameter have been reported.

A

50-500 nm

44
Q

determines which group an organism belongs to.

A

Cellular structure

45
Q

• are unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound structures
• Most note-worthy of which is the nucleus
• they tend to be small, simple cells, measuring 0.1-5 um in diameter

A

Prokaryotes

46
Q

• While Prokaryotic cells don’t have membrane bound structures, they do have distinct______
• In Prokaryotic cells, DNA bundles together in a region called the_____

A

cellular regions

nucleoid

47
Q

Prokaryotes

• Can be split into two domains

A

(1) bacteria
(2) archaea

48
Q

Prokaryotes

•(3) are all found together floating in the cytoplasm, primitive organelles found in the bacteria do act as microcompartments to bring organization to the arrangement.

A

Molecules of protein
DNA
metabolites

49
Q

are organisms whose cells have nucleus and other organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane

A

Eukaryotes

50
Q

•______ are internal structures responsible for a variety of functions, such as energy production, and protein synthesis

A

Organelles

51
Q

• Eukaryotic cells are large, around _______and complex
• Most eukraryotes are multicellular organisms, there are some single-cell eukaryotes

A

10-100 um

Bacte LEC (15 decks)

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