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Bacte LEC > ANAEROBIC SPORE-FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI > Flashcards

ANAEROBIC SPORE-FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI Flashcards

1
Q

Anaerobes, on the other hand, are particularly susceptible to these toxic derivatives of oxygen because they lack the protective enzymes_______ or______, or the enzymes are present in low concentrations.

A

superoxide dismutase and/or catalase

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2
Q

Clostridium causing Tetanus (Spasmic Paralysis)

A

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

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3
Q

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

Also known as…
Due to the location or position of its endospore (terminal or outer portion)

A

Racquet Bacillus

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4
Q

C tetani

• Endospores are….
(drumstick/ tennis racquet appearance)
Motility…

A

Round & Terminal
Motile by peritrichous flagella

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5
Q

is able to kill the C tetani spores within a few hours

It is a toxic substance for C. tetani

A

lodine (1%) in water

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6
Q

TOXIN/VIRULENCE FACTOR (Clostridium tetani)

A

TETANOSPASMIN

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7
Q

C tetani

• Neurotoxin and an essential pathogenic product

Toxic to humans and various animals when injected parenterally, but it is not toxic by the oral route

Causes increasing excitability of spinal cord neurons and muscle spasm

A

TETANOSPASMIN

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8
Q

T or F

Tetanospasmin
Toxic to humans and various animals when injected parenterally, but it is not toxic by the oral route

A

True

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9
Q

The neonate is displaying a bodily rigidity produced by Clostridium tetani exotoxin, called…

A

neonatal tetanus

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10
Q

Sir Charles Bell’s portrait of a soldier dying of tetanus.

The characteristic rigidity of the body is referred to as…

A

opisthotonos and risus sardonicus.

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11
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (Clostridium tetani)

Specimen:

A

Wound exudates using capillary tube

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12
Q

is a good method for identifying Clostridium.

A

Gram stain

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13
Q

is a Gram-positive rod, motile with a round terminal spore giving a drumstick appearance.

The______’ location is not observed in a Gram stain.

A

C. tetani

spores

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14
Q

CULTURE (Clostridium tetani)

On____ agar and incubated anaerobically

Growth appears as a_____

A

blood

fine spreading film

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15
Q

Spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli

Causative agent of GAS GANGRENE

A

CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS

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16
Q

C perfringens

also known as…

A

Gas Gangrene Bacillus

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17
Q

Can also cause Food poisoning

Non- motile, Capsulated with Subterminal spores

A

C perfringens

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18
Q

SPORE LOCATION

B. anthracis
C. tetani
C. perfringens

A

Central

Terminal

Sub-terminal

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19
Q

TOXIN (Clostridium perfringens)

A

a-TOXIN

B-TOXIN

Enterotoxin

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20
Q

most important toxin

Lyses RBCs, platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells

A

a-TOXIN

phospholipase C & lecithinase

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21
Q

Once these are being released by C. perfringens, there will be:
Increased vascular permeability with massive hemolysis and

A

a-TOXIN
• phospholipase C & lecithinase:

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22
Q

C. perfringens toxin

If not treated, then it results in Hepatic toxicity and myocardial dysfunction.

At some point, it will lead to death.

A

a-toxin

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23
Q

C perfringens toxin

Responsible for necrotic lesions in necrotizing enterocolitis

A

B-toxin

24
Q

C perfringens toxin

• Heat-Labile toxin produced in the colon
• For food poisoning

A

ENTEROTOXIN

25
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (Clostridium perfringens)

Specimen:_____

Histological specimen transferred aseptically into a_____ & used immediately for microscopic examination & culture.

A

Histological specimen or wound exudate

sterile screw capped bottle

26
Q

Specimens of exudates should be taken from the deeper areas of the wound where the infection seems to be most pronounced.

If wound exudates are not possible, then use wound aspirates.

A

C perfringens

27
Q

C perfringens

→ blackening of meat will be observed with the production of____ and ____

A

Robertson’s cooked meat medium

H2S and NH3

28
Q

Exhibit Double zone of hemolysis (two zone of beta hemolysis)

It ferments many carbohydrates with acid & gas

A

C perfringens

29
Q

Nagler reaction (+)

It acidified litmus milk with stormy clot production

A

C perfringens

30
Q

This test is done to detect the lecithinase activity

A

Nangler reaction

31
Q

Inoculated on the medium containing human serum or egg yolk (contains lecithin)

A

Nagler reaction

32
Q

In Nagler Reaction test

Colonies of Cl. perfringens are surrounded by _______ due to_____ activity and the effect is specifically inhibited if Cl. perfringens antiserum containing antitoxin is present on the medium.

A

zones of turbidity

lecithinase

33
Q

C perfringens

Litmus milk

In a culture medium that contains lactose, if there is a fermentation, then it produces acid and a litmus indicator will turn the medium’s color into_____.

A

pink

34
Q

C perfringens

Litmus milk

In a basic reaction, from Casein, if digestion occurs, then it produces alkaline amines.

If the environment is already alkaline, the litmus indicator present in the culture medium will turn into_____.

A

blue

35
Q

REVERSE CAMP TEST for C. perfringens

_______ is streaked in SBA &______ is streaked perpendicular to it.

A

CAMP positive S. agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)

C. perfringens

36
Q

Reverse CAMP Test

(+) “arrowhead” (enhanced) hemolysis is seen in between

A

= C. perfringens

37
Q

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
causes…

A

BOTULISM (Flaccid Paralysis)

38
Q

C botulinum

______ neurotoxic subtypes - labeled____

A

Seven

A-G

39
Q

C botulinum

First recognized and isolated in_____ by_____

A

1896

Van Ermengem

40
Q

is a neuroparalytic disease
Affects the nervous system

A

Botulism

41
Q

• Once released into the bloodstream it irreversibly binds to the acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction

A

C botulinum

42
Q

It alters the mechanism for acetylcholine release, making the neuron unresponsive to action potentials

It alters the mechanism for acetylcholine release, making the neuron unresponsive to action potentials

A

C botulinum

43
Q

C botulinum

Most common form
Afflicts babies from 1 week - 1 year
Antigenic variation types A/B

A

Floppy Baby Syndrome

44
Q

Floppy Baby Syndrome

CAUSED BY:

A

• Ingesting contaminated foodstuff
• Untreated natural honey and corn syrup
• Household dust containing C. botulinum spores

45
Q

MANAGEMENT (Clostridium botulinum)

•________ must be administered intravenously (recovery takes several weeks)
• Mechanical respirator is administered if necessary.
Support of the on-going treatment

A

(Trivalent (A,B,E) antitoxin

46
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (Clostridium botulinum)
•_____ found in serum, leftover food.
• In infants, found in____.
• Mice injected with toxins____

• spores are____, location?
• Lipase (+)

A

Toxins

stool

DIE RAPIDLY

Oval

Subterminal

47
Q

• A common cause of nosocomial antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) & antibiotic (Clindamycin)

-associated pseudomembranous colitis

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

48
Q

• The only nosocomial organism that is anaerobic and forms spores (survive _____and hard to destroy)
• Pathogenesis is mainly due to toxin production: Infective dose is____

A

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

> 5 months

< 10 spores

49
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (Clostridium difficile)
• Specimen:
• Cultured on _________= (+) colonies with______

A

Stool

Cycloserine-Cefoxitin Fructose Agar

Yellow Halo

50
Q

Best Strategy for C. difficile testing
• For clinical use: two-step testing uses initially___________detection screening followed by_______ or toxigenic culture for confirmation

A

ElA (Enzyme Immunoassay)

cytotoxicity assay

51
Q

Best Strategy for C. difficile testing

• Gold standard is _______followed by TOXIGENIC CULTURE ASSAY

A

STOOL CULTURE

52
Q

• Among the 4 medically significant Clostridium spp.

We only have_______ as nonmotile and the rest are motile.

A

C. perfringens

53
Q

• For the LECITHINASE TEST, only ______is positive and the rest are negative.

A

C. perfringens

54
Q

• For the LIPASE TEST, only _____ is positive while the rest are negative.

A

C. botulinum

55
Q

• For the LACTOSE TEST, only______ is positive while the rest are negative.

A

C. perfringens

56
Q

• For the GLUCOSE FERMENTATION TEST, all are able to break down glucose except_____

A

C. tetani.

Bacte LEC (51 decks)

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