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Bacte LEC > Non Fermenting GNB > Flashcards

Non Fermenting GNB Flashcards

1
Q

• Organisms that CANNOT UTILIZE CARBOHYDRATES WITHOUT_______
Therefore, they are also called______

A

OXYGEN

oxidative

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2
Q

• Are able ferment carbohydrates but only…
• Does NOT form… in TSI

A

FORM SMALL AMOUNT AND VERY
WEAK ACIDS

Yellow colored media in TSI

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3
Q

Do NOT UTILIZE CARBOHYDRATE (with or w/o O2)

Uses other compounds as source of energy Utilizes amino acids

A

Non-saccharolytic or non-oxidizers

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4
Q

Oxidase negative

O+/ F+

A

Enterobacteriacea

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5
Q

Oxidase positive

O+/ F-

A

Pseudomonadaceae

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6
Q

Oxidase positive

O+/ F+

A

Vibrionaceae

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7
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-FERMENTERS
→ Spore???
→ Aerobic condition???
→ TSI:???

A

Non-spore formers

Obligate aerobes → to utilize carbohydrates

K/K; H2S (-)

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8
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-FERMENTERS

→ POINT OF COLONIZATION:???

→ ENTRY TO STERILE SITES OF THE BODY:???

→ What type of PATHOGENS???

A

mucus membrane & skin of humans

trauma, burns, or wounds

OPPORTUNISTIC

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9
Q

NF Grow better in____ than on ____

A

SBA than on MACCONKEY AGAR
(+/-)

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10
Q

NF TEST RESULTS

OXIDASE TEST

GRAM STAIN

TSI

MOTILITY

A

POSITIVE

GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI

K/K

MAJORITY ARE MOTILE

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11
Q

NF

TESTS FOR IDENTIFICATION
→ Flagellar morphology
• Mostly they are_____ via______

• But some strains have peritrichous flagella so you need to check if it is peritrichous, etc

A

motile

SINGLE POLAR FLAGELLA

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12
Q

NF

Non-fermenters are poorly indole
producers → thus, a modified indole test is used, specifically_______

Contains “Extractors” → (2)
• Add it after____

A

ERLICH’S reagent

XYLENE and ETHER

Incubation

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13
Q

NF

• Commonly used test to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae from Non-lactose
fermenters

A

O-F CHO utilization patterns

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14
Q

NF

→ Acetamide
Similar to citrate test → able to use ____ as a sole source of Carbon

• In acetamide →_____ is used to determine whether the organisms would be able to use it as a sole source of carbon

A

citrate

acetamide

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15
Q

Commonly used test to differentiate Enterobacteria from Non-lactose fermenters

A

OXIDATION-FERMENTATION (O-F) TEST

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16
Q

OF test uses…

A

HUGH AND LEIFSON culture media

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17
Q

HIGH CONC’N OF CHO (___%) and a LOW CONC’N OF PEPTONE OR PROTEIN (___%).

• High concentrations of CHO: To ENHANCE carbohydrates (slow production of acids)
• Low concentrations of peptone DECREASE formation byproducts of neutralize the acids

A

1; 0.2

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18
Q

RATIO???

peptone to CHO concentration for NF

For Enterobacteriaceae???

A

1:5

2:1

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19
Q

HUGH and LEIFSON

→ O/F Basal media
→ CHO: (5)
→______ = indicator

A

Glucose, Maltose, Lactose, Mannitol, & Xylose (GMX ML)

Bromthymol blue

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20
Q

OF TEST

Tubes containing an overlay → CLOSED TUBE using_____

→ OPEN TUBES → Used to demonstrate their ABILITY TO_____
→ POSITIVE FOR OPEN TUBE: (2)

A

mineral oil

OXIDIZE CARBOHYDRATES

Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae (Yellow color formation)

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21
Q

OF TEST

→ POSITIVE FOR CLOSED TUBE:____
→______ COLOR → able to ferment carbohydrate
→ _____COLOR → No carbohydrate utilized

A

Enterobacteriaceae (Yellow color formation)

YELLOW

GREEN/BLUE GREEN

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22
Q

Open: Green/Blue Green

Closed: Green/ Blue Green

A

Non-saccharolytic

Alcaligenes faecalis

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23
Q

Open: Yellow
Closed: Green/ Blue Green

A

Oxidative

Pseudomonas

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24
Q

Open: Yellow
Closed: Yellow

A

Fermentative

Enterobacteriaceae

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25
Q

NITRATE REDUCTION TEST

Non-fermentative organisms can produce the enzyme ______ → which reduce______

A

NITRATE REDUCTASE

NITRATE TO NITRITE

26
Q

NITRATE REDUCTION TEST

To check if Nitrate is reduced into nitrite → add______ and _____ → IF nitrite is present → produce________ color

→ If no color is produced, it is due to:
• Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite
• Sulfanilic acid and a-naphthylamine cannot react with nitrite, since nitrite was further reduced to gas

A

a-NAPHTHYLAMINE and SULFANILIC ACID

RED DIAZONIUM SALT (RED COLOR)

27
Q

NITRATE REDUCTION TEST

→ To check which reason is the cause of no red color in the test: ADD_______

→ Zinc is known to react with_____
• RED COLOR →________
• NO COLOR →________

A

ZINC POWDER/DUST

NITRATE

NITRATE WAS NOT REDUCED

Nitrte was further reduced (no presence of nitrate)

28
Q

Family Pseudomonadaceae (NFGNB)

I. Fluorescent group

A

P. aeruginosa
P. fluorescens
P. putida

29
Q

Family Pseudomonadaceae (NFGNB)

I. NON-Fluorescent group

Soil denitrifiers

A

P. stutzeri
P. mendocina

30
Q

Pigments they produce

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P. fluorescens

P. putida

A

(pyoverdin and PYOCYANIN)

(pyoverdin)

(pyoverdin)

31
Q

II. Pseudomallei Group

Resistant to polymyxin B and colistin

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei
B. mallei
B. cepacia

Ralstonia picketti

32
Q

III.

IV.

V.

A

• Comamonas species*
• Acidovorax species

• Brevundimonas species*

• Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*

33
Q

→ NOT A MAJOR NORMAL FLORA but grabs the opportunity to cause human infections

Most frequently isolated N-F (Non-fermentative Organism)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE)

34
Q

→ FOUND IN ENVIRONMENT
→ Can survive in harsh environment
→ Major human pathogen in the group
→ MOST IMPORTANT OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN
• Because of their Invasive and toxigenic properties

A

PAE

35
Q

P. aeruginosa characteristics
→ Aerobic conditions and motility???

Pigments: (5)

A

OBLIGATE AEROBE; MOTILE

PYOCYANIN
PYOVERDIN
FLUORESCEIN
PYORUBRIN
PYOMELANIN

36
Q

PAE

→ Fruity odor or corn tortilla-like odor
Due to the ____________ release (chemical of byproduct of metabolism)

→ Grow at what temperatures?!!

A

2-AMINOACETOPHENONE

RT° (20-25 C), 35-37°C and at 42°C

37
Q

P. aeruginosa Laboratory Tests

Samples:
Smears:

A

SKIN LESIONS, PUS, URINE, BLOOD, SPINAL FLUID, SPUTUM, ETC

GRAM (-) RODS

38
Q

PAE

Culture:
BAP →
Mac & EMB →

A

large, rough, dull grayish, feathered edged/ serrated and spreading colonies & mostly are beta-hemolytic;
Mucoid (capsular alginate)

NLF

39
Q

PAE

BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
TSI

OXIDASE TEST

OXIDASE FERMENTATION

NITRATE REDUCTION

A

K/K

POSITIVE

GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, XYLOSE but NOT maltose, sucrose and lactose

POSITIVE

40
Q

INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PAE

→ Severe wound infections in burn patients
→ UTI
→ Pneumonia (ventilator-associated)
→ Septicemia
→ Chronic lung infections in Cystic Fibrosis patients (mucoid strain)
→ Meningitis
→ Ecthyma gangrenosum

A

NOSOCOMIAL OR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS

41
Q

INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PAE

keratitis
corneal ulcers in contact lens wearers
Swimmer’s ear
Folliculitis (“hot tub folliculitis”) (Jacuzzi syndrome)

A

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED

42
Q

PAE

VIRULENCE FACTORS
ATTACHMENT

A

Fimbriae

Polar flagella

43
Q

PAE

LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ENDOTOXIN EFFECT & EXOTOXIN

A

Alginate capsule
Exotoxin A
Type III Secretion system
Exotoxin S,T,U,Y

44
Q

PAE VIRULENCE FACTORS

TISSUE INVASION

A

→ Elastase
→ Protease
→ Collagenase
→ Hemolysin
→ Leukocidin
→ Pyocyanin
→ Pyoverdin

45
Q

P. aeruginosa Treatment
→______ IS NOT RECOMMENDED
• Combination: ______ and _____

Because they can resist anitmicrobial
agents
→ Beta lactam drugs
→ Carbapenems
→ Fluoroquinolones
→ To provide good treatment → Do AST

A

SINGLE DRUG THERAPY

PENICILLIN BASED DRUG + AMINOGLYCOSIDE

46
Q

P. fluorescens & P. putida
→ Fluorescent pseudomonads
→ Can grow at____ but cannot grow@____
→ Produces what pigment?
→ Environmental organisms but can cause infections in immune compromised individuals associated w/ Nosocomial infections (transfusion associated sepsis)
→ rarely associated with opportunistic infxns.

A

4°C; 42°C

PYOVERDIN

47
Q

→ Isolated cases of septicemia, UTI, & pneumonia

A

P. putida

48
Q

→ Contaminant
→ Rare cause of UTI & wound infections in humans

A

P. fluorescens

49
Q

P. fluorescens & P. putida Laboratory Characteristics

MOTILITY
TEMPERATURE
OXIDASE
OF MEDIUM

A

MOTILE
GROWTH AT 35°C BUT NOT AT
42°C
POSITIVE
OXIDIZE GLUCOSE

50
Q

P. fluorescens & P. putida Laboratory Characteristics

PYOCYANIN
PYOVERDIN
CETRIMIDE & ACETAMIDE
ARGININE

A

NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE

51
Q

P. fluorescens & P. putida Laboratory Characteristics

CARBENICILLIN
KANAMYCIN

A

RESISTANT
SUSCEPTIBLE

52
Q

Differentiating P. fluorescens & P. putida

What to do??

A

Protein metabolism
Gelatin hydrolysis

53
Q

P. fluorescens

Protein metabolism
Gelatin hydrolysis

A

Proteolytic
Positive

54
Q

P. putida

Protein metabolism
Gelatin hydrolysis

A

Non-proteolytic
Negative

55
Q

→ “SOIL DENITRIFIERS”

A

Non-Fluorescent Group: P. stutzeri & P. mendocina

56
Q

→ uses NH4 (source of NITROGEN) and ACETATE (source of CARBON)
→ Rare cause of eye infections, endocarditis, septic arthritis, postsurgical wound infxn, UTI, septicemia, and pneumonia
→ Motile
→ Grows at 42°C

A

Non-Fluorescent Group: P. stutzeri & P. mendocina

57
Q

→ uses NH4 (source of NITROGEN) and ACETATE (source of CARBON)
→ Rare cause of eye infections, endocarditis, septic arthritis, postsurgical wound infxn, UTI, septicemia, and pneumonia
→ Motile
→ Grows at 42°C

A

Non-Fluorescent Group: P. stutzeri & P. mendocina

58
Q

→ Colonies:
SMOOTH, BUTTERY, FLAT,
UNWRINKLED ON BAP

A

P. medocina

59
Q

→ Colonies: DRY AND WRINKLED W/ BUFF OR LIGHT BROWN COLOR

A

P. stutzeri

60
Q

P. stutzeri

ADH (Arginine Dehydrolase)
Starch hydrolysis

A

Negative
Positive

61
Q

P. medocina

ADH (Arginine Dehydrolase)
Starch hydrolysis

A

Positive
Negative

Bacte LEC (40 decks)

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