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Bacte LEC > NON-SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI > Flashcards

NON-SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI Flashcards

1
Q

• The genus Corynebacterium is a large diverse group of bacteria.

• There are more than___\ species in the genus, and at least____ are thought to be clinically significant.

A

80

50

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2
Q

Corynebacterium

• Corynebacteria can be divided into

A

non-lipophilic and lipophilic species

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3
Q

Fastidious, and slow growing
Requires exogenous lipids for enhanced growth

A

LIPOPHILIC

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4
Q

Non-fastidious organisms
Does not require exogenous source of fats

A

NON-LIPOPHILIC

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5
Q

Causative agent of diphtheria

A

CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE

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6
Q

also known as Klebs-Loeffler Bacillus

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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7
Q

non-motile, glucose & maltose fermenter

• nitrate reduction & catalase (+)
• urease -)

A

CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE

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8
Q

DISEASE ASSOCIATION (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)

A

RESPIRATORY DIPHTHERIA

CUTANEOUS DIPHTHERIA

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9
Q

• Severe form of infection
This is the most severe form of infection caused by C. diphtheriae
• Exotoxin attacks mucus membranes resulting to inflammation and “pseudomembrane formation” of the pharynx

A

Respiratory diphtheria

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10
Q

• Characterized by neck swelling (Bull’s neck)

A

Respiratory diphtheria

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11
Q

• Necrotic lesions on the skin which are manifested on open wounds.

A

CUTANEOUS DIPHTHERIA

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12
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
________
It is the drug of choice for C. diphtheriae since penicillin is a beta lactam
drug that affects/destroys/alters cell wall synthesis of the bacteria.

_______for Penicillin - sensitive individuals

A

PENICILLIN

ERYTHROMYCIN

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13
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)

•_______ swabs of inflamed areas — Most commonly or routinely used sample in the laboratory.

•____ or ____ spx (cutaneous diphtheria)

A

Nasopharyngeal

Wound or skin

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14
Q

Stains (C diphtheriae)

• Appearance of pleomorphic appearance, with metachromatic granules (Babe’s Ernst - polymerized phosphates)

A

Gram staining and loeffler’s methylene blue stain

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15
Q
  • visualized by Loeffler’s methylene blue

• On Gram stain, Corynebacterium are slightly curved, gram-positive rods producing the described ….

A

Chinese characters

club shape or coryneform or Chinese characters.

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16
Q

• Toxigenicity test for C. diphtheriae strains that are non-toxigenic
• The culture medium used here is Nutrient Agar that is melted and is mixed with a horse serum.

A

Elek test

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17
Q

• After incubation, we could observe precipitant lines with different strains

In-vivo testing: injection of C. diphtheriae animal (direct inoculation)
In-vitro testing - modified

A

Elek test

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18
Q

CULTURE (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)

SBA: Small zone of…

______ (enhances metachromatic granule formation) or_____

•_______ - Gray to black colonies

A

ß - hemolysis

Loeffler’s serum/ Pai agar

Potassium Tellurite medium

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19
Q
  • a culture medium specific for C. diphtheriae

Black colonies with yellow halo

A

Tinsdale’s medium

20
Q

• The genus contains 10 species.

A

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

21
Q

Listeria

Only_____ is considered an important human pathogen.

Recovered from animal products, such as raw milk, cheese, poultry, and processed meats.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

22
Q

VIRULENCE FACTOR (Listeria monocytogenes)

induces phagocytosis through increased adhesion and penetration into mammalian cells

damages the phagosome membrane, effectively preventing killing of the organism by the macrophage.

A

PROTEIN p60

LISTERIOLYSIN O

23
Q

CLINICAL INFECTIONS (Listeria monocytogenes)

•_______ is recognized as an uncommon but serious infection primarily of neonates, pregnant women, elderly adults, and immunocompromised hosts.

A

Listeriosis

24
Q

DISEASE IN PREGNANT WOMEN
• During pregnancy,_____ is most commonly seen during the third trimester
• It has been postulated that _____is responsible for spontaneous abortion and stillborn neonates.

A

listeriosis

L. monocytogenes

25
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (Listeria monocytogenes)
CULTURAL CHARACTERISTIC
• Grows well on___ and ____
• Prefers a slishtly increased carbon dioxide (CO2) —Slight capnophilic
• Growth occurs over a wide range (_____ to ____)

A

SBA and chocolate agar

0.5°C - 45°C

26
Q

Because L. monocytogenes grows at 4°C, a technique called _____may be used to isolate the organism from clinical specimens.

A

COLD ENRICHMENT

27
Q

In wet mount preparations, exhibits tumbling motility

• In motility medium, the characteristic “inverted Christmas tree/umbrella-like” pattern incubated at room temperature (22°C - 25°C) but not at 35°C.

A

L. monocytogenes

28
Q

A more pronounced CAMP reaction is seen with L. monocytogenes when_____ is used in please of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Rhodococcus equi

29
Q

Produces a “block” type hemolysis with the CAMP test.

at some point it will be considered as cryophiles, as it grows in a temperature of 4°C

A

Monocytogenes

30
Q

PATHOGENICITY TEST

• Organism suspended in sterile water
2 or 3 drops are inoculated in the conjunctival sac of a rabbit’s eye
(+) test: purulent conjunctivitis

A

OCULAR TEST OF ANTON

31
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
There are 3 species in the genus

• is the only species in the genus known to cause disease in humans

• Occupational exposure (work involves handling fish)

A

ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE

32
Q

Also known as Butcher’s disease

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

33
Q

• The usual route of infection is through cuts or scratches on the skin

• The organism is resistant to salting, pickling, and smoking.

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

34
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae)
• E. rhusiopathiae produces three types of disease in humans:
________
Which is a localized skin disease, cutaneous infection of hand and fingers
________
Which is often associated with endocarditis
____________

A

ERYSIPELOID

SEPTICEMIA

DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS INFECTION

35
Q

H,S (+): The only positive in gram (+) bacilli is

A

E. rhusiopathiae

36
Q

Gelatin stab: TEST TUBE BRUSH APPEARANCE
• Or inverted Christmas tree or umbrella like, it exhibits a test tube brush appearance.

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

37
Q

• Also known as DODERLAIN BACILLUS

A

LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS

38
Q

• Flora of the mouth, Gl tract, vaginal canal

If found in the mouth, it is called______, while if found in the vaginal canal, it is called______.

A

Buas

Doderlain

39
Q

• Non-pathogenic, rare cause of bacteremia
• Helps maintain acid-environment produce large amount of lactic acid

Grows at pH 3-4

A

LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS

40
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (Lactobacillus acidophilus)

Gran stain: motility
Catalase reaction
Media

A

• Gram +, non-motile
• Catalase, H2S & bile-esculin (-)
Grows at: TOMATO JUICE AGAR

41
Q

Formerly H. vaginalis
• May cause neonatal sepsis and postpartum bacteremia
• Media:______- BEST!

A

GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS

Human Blood Tween Agar (HBT)

42
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS (Gardnerella vaginalis) Vaginitis
• Sniff’s test:______ (+):_____
• Clue cells on Paps
Are squamous epithelial cells. Inside the cytoplasm of the cells, there are bacteria.
These are preferred as clue cells.

A

discharge + 10% КОН

Fishy amine odor

43
Q

NOCARDIA
Specifically,_______
PARTIALLY ACID FAST - UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC

Morphology - long thin, branching gram (+) bacilli

Grows well at SDA (inhibited by chloramphenicol)

______Agar
Growth enhances at 10% CO, for 3 days - 4 weeks

Colonies -….
Resembles MYCOBACTERIA

A

Nocardia asteroides

Sabouraud Dextrose
waxy, bumpy, velvety, yellow orange colonies

44
Q

Nocardia is inhibited by_____

A

chloramphenicol

45
Q

Nocardia

Growth enhances at 10% CO2 for_____

A

3 days – 4 weeks

46
Q

● Colonies– waxy, bumpy, velvety, yellow orange colonies

A

Nocardia

Bacte LEC (51 decks)

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