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Bacte LEC > Spx Collection Prt. 2 > Flashcards

Spx Collection Prt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

Spx collection

A

Throat swab
Nasopharyngeal swab / aspirate

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2
Q

PATHOGENS OF THE URT:

A

• Haemophilus influenzae
• Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Neisseria gonorrheae

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3
Q

URT

Asymptomatic carriers :

A

• Neisseria meningitidis
• Bordetella pertussis
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Moraxella catarrhalis

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4
Q

MEDIA for URT specimen:

A

BAP
CAP
Thayer Martin
Bordet Gengou blood agar

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5
Q

MEDIA for URT spx

S. pyogenes:

H. influenzae:

N. meningitidis:

B. pertussis:

A

BAP

CAP or BAP w/ Staphylococcus

CAP/Thayer Martin

Bordet-Gengou blood agar

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6
Q

Nasopharyngeal or Throat Swab use:
2 Sterile swabs

A

Dacron/ Rayon swab - Synthetic fiber swabs

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7
Q

We do not use what type of swabs?

A

calcium alginate
swabs with wooden shafts

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8
Q

Nasopharyngeal aspirate

Aspiration:
• mucus extractor connected an ….

A

Nasogastric tube

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9
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract Collection

A

• Sputum
• Endotracheal aspirate
• Bronchoalveolar lavage
• Bronchoscopy secretions

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10
Q

PATHOGENS OF THE LRT:

MMySSEekeLP

A

• Mycobacterium spp.
• Mycoplasma spp
• S. pneumoniae
• S. aureus
• Enterobacteriaceae
—-Enterobacter
—-Klebsiella
—-Escherichia
• Legionella spp.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

Collection & Transport of SPUTUM

container:

time and consistency:

delivery time:

storage time:

A

• Use a dry, wide-mouth bottle (screw cap)

• Collect sample early morning (purulent)

• Transport ASAP

• may be refrigerated but examined w/in 2-3 hrs

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12
Q

Suitability of Sputum for Culture

Bartlett’s Sputum Classification

A

< 10 epithelial cells
> 25 pus cells

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13
Q

Bartlett’s Classification
Number of neutrophils per low-power field

Fewer than 10
10-25
Greater than 25
Mucus

A

Fewer than 10 – 0

10-25 — +1

Greater than 25 — +25

Mucus — +1

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14
Q

Bartlett’s Classification
Number of epithelial cell per low-power field

10-25
Greater than 25

A

10-25 — -1
Greater than 25 — -2

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15
Q

Bartlett’s Classification

Scores of 0 or less indicate…

A

lack of inflammation or presence of saliva.

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16
Q

PROCEDURE for SPUTUM

A

+ Make a direct smear (GS & AFS)
+ Do digestion & concentration
+ Culture

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17
Q

Sputum

What to add? And why?

digestion & concentration technique

A

N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH (NALC-NaOH)

• dissolve fats & mucus to free bacteria

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18
Q

URINE
Purpose:

A

Diagnosis of UTI

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19
Q

URINE

Method of collection:

A

Clean - catch midstream
Suprapubic aspiration
Cystoscopy or catheterization

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20
Q

URINE

Collection Time:

A

Early morning

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21
Q

URINE

• Processing:

A

Within 1 hour after collection

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22
Q

PROCESSING OF URINE

• GS of uncentrifuged urine

A

= rapid UTI screening

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23
Q

GS of uncentrifuged urine

= numerous squamous cells indicates…

A

(vaginal / urethral contamination)

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24
Q

URINE PROCEDURE FOR CULTURE:
1. Inoculate sample on…

  1. Incubate overnight
    (+) growth
    (-) no growth
A

BAP, EMB, Mac with a 1uL loop

(count colonies)
re-incubate for 24 hrs

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25
Q

Computation for CFU/mL

A

Actual # of colonies x calibration of loop = # of CFU/mL

26
Q

CFU/mL that indicates infection

A

> 100,000 bacterial CFU/mL

27
Q

POUR PLATE METHOD:
• prepare______ dilution of urine w/ sterile H2O
• transfer_____ of solution to a Petri dish
• add_____ & mix well
• incubate for_____
• count colonies & multiply by____
• report result in bacteria/mL

A

1:1000

1 mL

Agar

agar

1000

28
Q

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
• Samples should be collected…
• Avoid delay because of high mortality rate & rapid proliferation of microbes is associated w/…

A

before treatment

meningitis

29
Q

CSF PATHOGENS

A

•Streptococcus pneumoniae
•Haemophilus influenzae type b
•Neisseria meningitidis

30
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Collection:

A

lumbar puncture

L3 & L4

31
Q

CSF

• Volume:

Adults

A

0.5 - 5.0 ml

3 tubes

32
Q

CSF

1st tube =
2nd tube =
3rd tube =

A

Chem / Sero

Microbiology (GS & culture)

Hematology

33
Q

CSF Processing
Macroscopic Examination

A

• Volume (3-5 mL)
• Color
• Appearance

34
Q

CSF processing

Normal CSF

Abnormal CSF

A

• Clear and colorless

• Xanthochromic, bloody, cloudy

35
Q

CSF

PROCEDURE:
• Centrifuge CSF
•_____ CSF on recommended media:
• Make a smear for______
•______

A

(2000 pm for 20 mins)

Culture

GS and India ink

Rapid Antigen Testing (RAT)

36
Q

CSF culture media

A

Trypticase Soy Broth / thioglycollate
BAP for Gram (+) cocci
CAP for Gram (-) cocci
EMB/Mac for Gram (-) bacilli

37
Q

CSF

Transport to LABORATORY <1

Centrifuge at 2000 rpm/ 20 mins.

Supernatant:
Sediment:

A

Latex agglutination

Gram stain/ CAP & BAP

38
Q

CSF

Transport to lab >1

Inoculate______
Incubate overnight_____
Subculture to_____

A

Trans-Isolate Medium

35C in CO2

CAP & BAP

39
Q

For Delays In CSF Processing
• CSF for bacterial culture:

Incubate @_______ OR;

Stand @________

A

35° C for not > 12 hrs (6)

room T° not > 1 hour

40
Q

CSF for BACTERIAL CULTURE

DO NOT REFRIGERATE!
- Some orgs. are sensitive to_____

Such as ____ and _____

A

low T°

N. meningitidis
H. influenzae

41
Q

• CSF for viral culture:

______immediately

If held for more than 24 hrs,______ specimen at_____

A

Refrigerate

freeze= -70°C

42
Q

STOOL

Freshly collected stool (______stage of a disease)
•_____may be used

A

early

Rectal swab

43
Q

STOOL

•Gastric aspirate ->
•Gastric biopsy ->

A

AFB

Helicobacter pylori

44
Q

STOOL

Amount:
Container:
Transport time:
Transport medium:

A

1-2g

Clean, wide mouth with lid

2 hours after collection; 24 hrs @ 4°C

Cary Blair

45
Q

STOOL

PROCEDURE:

Put rectal swab in_____

_____is NOT usually done but helps in identifying possible etiologic agents

A

enrichment broth (Selenite broth)

GS

46
Q

Stool Culture:
1St day
Inoculate the specimen and incubate it overnight at_____

2nd day
1. Check enrichment tube:_____
2. Check differential media for_____
3. With growth:_____
4. No growth:_____

(3rd day)
1. Note patterns of biochemical reactions
2. If suggestive of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, DO______
* From no growth in the 2nd day: If growth occurs after doing step 3 (2nd day, DO______
* Incubate overnight and perform step 1 & 2 of day 3

A

35°C

+/- turbidity

LFs & NLFs

Subculture in another set of tube & plates and do biochemical tests

inoculate culture from enrichment media into EMB or Mac

serological typing

DO biochemical test

47
Q

Stool Culture MEDIA

A

Differential (EMB, Mac)
Selective (SSA, HEA, XLD)
Enrichment (Selenite F, APW)

48
Q

EXUDATES

A

• Wounds
• Eye discharge
• Boils
• Ear discharge
• Abscesses
• Endocervical
• Ulcers
• Urethral
• Granules
• Anorectal discharge
• Rash

49
Q

TRANSUDATES
Fluids

A

• Synovial
• Pleural
• Pericardial
•Peritonial
• Hydrocele

50
Q

COLLECTION

DISCHARGES / FLUIDS:
a. Dry wound -
b. Skin lesion -

A

moisten swab w/ NSS before collecting

remove crust of pustule/ vesicle cap then gently swab lesion

51
Q

COLLECTION OF DISCHARGES AND FLUIDS

Note:
1. Superficial wounds ->

  1. Deep wound ->
A

collected along the edge of the wound after cleaning with sterile saline

needle aspiration

52
Q

COLLECTION FOR DISCHARGES AND FLUIDS

c. Endocervical :
d. Urethra :
e. Anorectal:

A

use swab

use swab or scrape mucosa of anterior urethra

insert swab about 4-5 cm. into the anal canal

53
Q

Collection of Irrigation, Intravenous or
Intra-arterial Catheters

A

= use of endoscopic procedures

54
Q

EXUDATES / TRANSUDATES: Collection container
+ Aspirates:
+ Ulcerative lesions:

+ Irrigation, Intravenous
+ Intra-arterial Catheter tips

+ Swabs:

+ Fluids:

+ Corneal scraping:

A

Sterile vial

biopsy in sterile vial w/o preservatives

(sterile vial)

2 pc. in a sterile tube

syringe with sterile rubber stopper

direct inoculation

55
Q

EXUDATES / TRANSUDATES

sport time:

A

TranASAP (30 mins)

56
Q

EXUDATES / TRANSUDATES:

Delay in transport:

A

• Refrigerate
• If swabs, place in TSB or Thioglycollate
• Amies or Stuart Transport Medium
• SBA slant

57
Q

GENITO-URINARY SPECIMEN
SPECIMEN

A

• Cervical (female)
• (Urethral (male)
• Rectal (may be paired with throat swabs)

58
Q

GENITO-URINARY SPECIMEN

PURPOSE
For the determination of:

A

• STDs
• Vaginitis
• Urethritis
• Childbirth infections

59
Q

Possible Pathogens In Anogenital Specimen:

A

T. pallidum
N. gonorrheae
C. trachomatis
G. vaginalis
C. albicans
HSV

60
Q

N. gonorrheae:
• GS:
• CAP:
• Modified Thayer Martin:

A

G (-) diplococci

enriched medium + CO2

selective medium to inhibit NMB

61
Q

Transport Medium For N. gonorrhoeae

A

@TRANSGROW
@JEMBEC SYSTEM

Bacte LEC (15 decks)

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