Microbial Mechanisms

Question 1

Provide microorganisms with the capacity to avoid host defenses and damage host cells, tissues and organs in a number of ways

Answer 1

MICROBIAL VIRULENCE FACTORS

Question 2

are virulence factors that allow bacteria to attach to host cells.

Answer 2

Adhesins

Question 3

Adehesin

• Streptococcus mutans

Answer 3

Glycocalyx

Question 4

Adhesin

• Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 4

• M protein

Question 5

Adhesin

• Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 5

• Opa protein

Question 6

Adhesin

• Treponema pallidum

Answer 6

• Tapered end

Question 7

2 types of toxin

Answer 7

Endo
Exo

Question 8

• are produced inside mostly gram positive bacteria as part of their growth and metabolism.

They are then secreted or released following lysis into the surrounding medium.

Answer 8

Exotoxin

Question 9

• are part of the outer portion of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria. They are liberated when the bacteria die and the cell wall breaks apart.

Answer 9

Endotoxin

Question 10

ENZYMES
• - coagulate blood
• - Digest fibrin clots
• - hydrolyses hyaluronic acid
• - hydrolyzes collagen

Answer 10

Coagulase

Kinase

Hyaluronidase

Collagenase

Question 11

TOXINS
• - ability to produce toxins
• - presence of toxin in host’s blood
• - antibodies against a specific toxin

Answer 11

Toxigenicity

Toxemia

Antitoxin

Question 12

Study of disease

Answer 12

Pathology

Question 13

Study of the cause of disease

Answer 13

Etiology

Question 14

Development of disease

Answer 14

Pathogenesis

Question 15

Pathogenic colonization of the body

Answer 15

Infection

Question 16

An abnormal state in w/c the body is not normally functioning

Answer 16

Disease

Question 17

NORMAL MICROBIOTA

Answer 17

• Transient microbiota
• Normal microbiota
• Opportunistic microbiota

Question 18

SYMBIOSIS

Both organism benefit

One organism benefits, and the other is unaffected

One organism benefits at the expense of the other

Answer 18

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism

Question 19

Pathogens limited to a small area of the body

Answer 19

Local infection

Question 20

An infxn throughout the body

Answer 20

Systemic infx

Question 21

Systemic infxn that began as a local infection

Answer 21

Focal infx

Question 22

Bacteria in the blood

Answer 22

Bacteremia

Question 23

Growth of bacteria in blood

Answer 23

Septicemia

Question 24

Disease-causing microorganisms

Answer 24

Pathogens

Question 25

shelters and supports the growth of pathogens

Answer 25

Host

Question 26

Disease-causing microorganisms

Answer 26

pathogen

Question 27

invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 27

Infection

Question 28

Change in the state of health; abnormal state in which a part or the whole body is not properly adjusted or nor functioning properly

Answer 28

Disease

Question 29

• Science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted in populations

Answer 29

Epidemiology

Question 30

Acute infxn that causes the initial illness

Answer 30

Primary infx

Question 31

Opportunistic infn after a primary infection

Answer 31

Secondary infx

Question 32

No noticeable S/S symptoms (inapparent infection)

Answer 32

Subclinical disease

Question 33

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS of the
NORMAL MICROBIOTA:

Answer 33

• prevent growth of pathogens by occupying niches that pathogens might occupy
• produce growth factors such as folic acid and vitamin K
• Probiotics

Question 34

• microorganisms that establish permanent colonies inside or on the body without producing disease

Answer 34

Normal microbiota

Question 35

• microbes that are present for various periods then disappear

Answer 35

Transient microbiota