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Bacte LEC > SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI > Flashcards

SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI Flashcards

1
Q

are responsible for the resistance to extreme conditions.

A

SPORES

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2
Q

BACILLUS

O2 Requirement
Catalase
Gas production

A

Aerobic
Positive
Negative

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3
Q

CLOSTRIDIUM

O2 Requirement
Catalase
Gas production

A

Anaerobic
Negative
Positive

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4
Q

Members of the genus Bacillus are metabolically diverse, and some species are______ that grow best at_____

A

thermophiles

55° C or higher

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5
Q

Members of the genus Bacillus are metabolically diverse, and some species are______ that grow best at_____

A

thermophiles

55° C or higher

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6
Q

LARGEST pathogenic bacteria

Also known as “______”

A

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

Anthrax Bacillus

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7
Q

VIRULENCE FACTOR (Bacillus anthracis)

A

D-GLUTAMIC ACID CAPSULE

ANTHRAX TOXIN

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8
Q

Anthracis virulence factor

This particular isomer of glutamic acid is resistant to_____ by host proteolytic enzymes because it is the “unnatural” form of the amino acid

A

D-GLUTAMIC ACID CAPSULE

hydrolysis

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9
Q

Resistant to hydrolysis
At some point, it can resist proteolytic enzyme produced by our body

NOTE: Although the capsule is necessary for virulence, antibodies against the capsule do not confer immunity

A

D-GLUTAMIC ACID CAPSULE

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10
Q

Each of which individually is nontoxic but which together act synergistically to produce damaging effects.

A

ANTHRAX TOXIN

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11
Q

Anthrax toxin (3)

A

Protective antigen (PA)

Edema factor (EF)

Lethal factor (LF)

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12
Q

Serves as a necessary binding molecule for EF and LF, permitting their attachment to specific receptors on the host cell’s surface

A

Protective antigen (PA)

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13
Q

Is an adenylate cyclase, release of water and electrolytes

A

Edema factor (EF)

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14
Q

is a protease that inhibits protein synthesis.

A

Lethal factor (LF)

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15
Q

PA + EF =
PA + LF =

A

EDEMA

DEATH

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16
Q

DISEASE ASSOCIATION (Bacillus anthracis)

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

Inhalation Anthrax

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Injectional Anthrax

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17
Q

• A small pimple (2 to 3 days after exposure) → eventually ulcerates and dries, forming a depressed black necrotic central area known as an eschar or black eschar.

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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18
Q

• Also known as_______; is acquired when spores are inhaled into the pulmonary parenchyma.

A

Inhalation Anthrax

Woolsorter’s disease

19
Q

• Acquired by means of ingestion of the spores.

Most fatal

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

20
Q

If the spores are being ingested, the anthrax spores can affect the_________ (throat, esophagus, stomach, intestine) causing a wide variety of symptoms

A

upper gastrointestinal tract

21
Q

is characterized by soft tissue infection associated with “skin popping”

A

Injectional Anthrax

22
Q

• Lack of eschar, severity of disease, and increased mortality rate make this form clinically distinct from the cutaneous form.

A

Injectional Anthrax

23
Q

Injectional anthrax

First discovered in

A

Northern Europe

24
Q

Symptoms is somehow similar to that cutaneous anthrax but, there may be infection that is DEEP UNDER the skin or in the muscle where the drug is injected; Can spread throughout the body FASTER and be harder to recognize and treat unlike the cutaneous anthrax which is visible because it is located at the upper part of the skin.

A

Injectional anthrax

25
Q

TREATMENT (Bacillus anthracis)

Most isolates of B. anthracis are______ to penicillin, but______ can occur in the absence of B-lactamase production

A

SUSCEPTIBLE

resistance

26
Q

B-lactam drug - Antibiotic that specifically target the…

A

cell wall synthesis of the bacteria

27
Q

The CDC recommends that______ or ______ be used for initial intravenous therapy until antimicrobial susceptibility results are known.

•_____ - to identify what is the most effective drug against B. anthracis.

A

ciprofloxacin or doxycycline

AST

28
Q

is a large, square ended, gram-positive rod found singly or in chains.

A

B. anthracis

29
Q

• Gives the appearance of bamboo pole arrangement because of the location of its spore (centrally located)

A

Anthracis

30
Q

Anthracis

Spores can be observed with a SPORE STAIN

With this technique, vegetative cells stain
______, and the spores stain_____.
However, the color depends on the stains used

A

red

green

31
Q

CULTURE (Bacillus anthracis)

• The term_________ has been used to describe the colony morphology of B. anthracis on BAP.

Can only be observed on BAP

A

Medusa head/ beaten egg whites

32
Q

CULTURE (Bacillus anthracis)

•________ on MHA with penicillin
MHA - usually used on AST (Kirby-Bauer
Disk Test)

A

String of pearls

33
Q

is a relatively common cause of fried rice poisoning and opportunistic infections in susceptible hosts.

A

• B. cereus

34
Q

• Food poisoning caused by B. cereus takes two forms:

A

diarrheal & emetic

35
Q

Defecation
Meat & Poultry
8-16 hours
Heat-Labile

A

DIARRHEAL TYPE

36
Q

Defecation and Vomiting
Most common cause of food poisoning toxin of B. cereus
1-6 hours
Heat-Stable Enterotoxin

A

EMETIC TYPE

37
Q

DIAGNOSIS (Bacillus cereus)

A

• Culture of suspected food from a food poisoning incident may be done to quantify and isolate B. cereus

Count how many bacteria are present on a one gram of food that causes the incident.

38
Q

__________ food poisoning by this organism is confirmed.

To confirm the organism as the cause of the disease, viable counts from the stool should also be at least ______

A

100,000 cereus/gram

39
Q

T or F

TREATMENT (Bacillus cereus)
Most food poisoning cases caused by B. cereus DO NOT REQUIRE ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT

A

True

40
Q

B. cereus is_______ to penicillin and all of the other B-lactam antibiotics except for the_____

A

RESISTANT

carbapenems

41
Q

B. cereus

Treatment with_____ or ______ with or without an aminoglycoside has been successful.

A

vancomycin or clindamycin

42
Q

B cereus

• Bacillus cereus bacteria stained with_______ to display their flagella.

A

Leifson dye

43
Q

B anthracis

Catalase
Lecithinase
Motility
BAP Hemolysis

A

Positive
Positive
Non motile
Gamma

44
Q

B cereus

Catalase
Lecithinase
Motility
BAP Hemolysis

A

Positive
Positive
Motile
Beta

Bacte LEC (29 decks)

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