Bordetella

Question 1

• Aerobic, small GNB, oxidative obligate parasites in animals and humans
•Do not ferment carbohydrates, oxidize amino acids, catalase +
•Media for isolation require protective substances such as charcoal, blood, starch to bind and neutralize inhibitory substance

Answer 1

Bordetella

Question 2

•Bind to ciliated epithelial cells in mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

Answer 2

Bordetella

Question 3

•2 Primary pathogens of the respiratory tract:

• WHOOPING COUGH (humans only)
• milder form of whooping cough

Answer 3

• Bordetella pertussis

• B. parapertussis

Question 4

•Miscellaneous species: (2)

opportunistic human pathogens (respiratory, wound infections);

respiratory tract pathogens of dogs (kennel cough), birds and other mammals

Answer 4

B. bronchiseptica & B. holmesii -

Question 5

Bordetella pertussis & B. parapertussis

VIRULENCE FACTORS

• Attachment to ciliated epithelial cells

• protein exotoxin, modifies host proteins by adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl transferase, which interferes with signal transduction; lymphocytosis

• Inhibits host epithelial and immune effector cells by inducing supraphysiologic concentrations of cAMP

Answer 5

• Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) & pertactin outer membrane protein
• Pertussis toxin (PT)
• Adenylate cyclase toxin (B. pertussis)

Question 6

Bordetella pertussis & B. parapertussis

VIRULENCE FACTORS

• ciliostasis (damage ciliated epithelia), damage DNA synthesis & promoting cell death

• causes inflammation, tissue destruction, skin necrosis

• Others:

Answer 6

• Tracheal cytotoxin
• Dermonecrotic toxin

Capsule, heat stable endotoxin LPS, hemolysins

Question 7

Pertussis: Clinical Manifestations
-______ are the only natural host.
- Incubation period:______ weeks (_____ days)

Answer 7

Humans

1 to 3 weeks (7-10 days)

Question 8

3 stages of pertussis

Answer 8

Catarrhal
Paroxysmal
Convalescent

Question 9

• mild coughing and sneezing, runny nose
• Patient highly infectious but not very ill

Answer 9

Catarrhal phase

Question 10

• explosive coughing with inspissatory whoop (hallmark)

• Copious amount of mucus → narrowed epiglottis → whoop Swallowing mucus may induce vomiting → dehydration

• Hypoxia during prolonged attacks may lead to seizure, hypoxic encephalopathy or coma.

Answer 10

Paroxysmal phase

Question 11

Paroxysmal phase

• May last for…

Answer 11

1 to 4 weeks

Question 12

• cough episodes slowly decrease; secondary complications include pneumonia, otitis media, meningoencephalitis

Answer 12

Convalescent

Question 13

Convalescent lasts

lasts for

Answer 13

4 to 8 weeks in some cases
6 months in other cases

Question 14

Bordetella: Laboratory Diagnosis

•_________aspirates or swabs of Dacron polyester with a non-wire shaft
•Specimen of choice for culture PCR testing for Bordetella

• Transport media:__________ or _________
> Swabs for PCR transported ***dry at room temperature¥¥¥

Answer 14

Nasopharyngeal

casamino acid (1% casein hydrolysate) or Amies with charcoal (preserve viability for 48 hours)

Question 15

Bordetella: Laboratory Diagnosis

•Perform______ detection of B. pertussis
ISOLATION and DETECTION

Answer 15

nucleic acid

Question 16

> With glycerol, horse or sheep blood

Answer 16

• Bordet-Gengou potato infusion agar

Question 17

> Charcoal, starch, horse blood, cephalexin, amphotericin B

Answer 17

• Regan-Lowe medium

Question 18

> Casamino acids, cyclodextrin & cefalexin

Answer 18

• Stainer-Scholte medium

Question 19

Growth on blood Charcoal-horse
+ (3-5 days)
+ (2-3 days)
+(1-2 days)

Answer 19

B. pertussis
B. parapertussis
B. bronchiseptica

Question 20

M

+
+

Answer 20

B. pertussis
B. parapertussis
B. bronchiseptica

Question 21

PERTUSSIS TREATMENT & CONTROL
• Very contagious disease, requires quarantine for a period of_______

Answer 21

4 to 6 weeks

Question 22

• Vaccination, DTaP
-_____ injections of pertussis vaccine, 1st year of life → booster
- Intramuscularly

Answer 22

3

D = DIPHTHERIA
P = PERTUSSIS
T = TETANUS

Question 23

• Antibiotic treatment or prophylaxis (ERYTHROMYCIN) reduces symptoms when given early - catarrhal stage (first week of illness).