Streptococcus

Question 1

• anti-phagocytic → protects the organism from being phagocytosed

Component of MUCOID COLONIES

Answer 1

Hyaluronic acid capsule

Question 2

• 80 types
• inhibits activation of complement
* Precipitates fibrinogen → clumps platelets and WBC
* Inhibits the migration of WBC
• anti-phagocytic

Answer 2

→ M protein

Question 3

Group-specific cell wall antigen
• Group A sugar:

Answer 3

RHAMNOSE-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE

Question 4

• binds to Fc region of IgG or IgA
* the Fc region is usually reserved for the immune cells
* Leads to no antigen-antibody
complex which usually initiates the complement activity

Answer 4

→ IgG & IgA-binding proteins

Question 5

cleaves C5a component of complement → inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro
• leads to problems in initiating inflammatory reaction

Answer 5

C5a protease

Question 6

• allows binding to FIBRONECTIN
in pharyngeal epithelium

Answer 6

→ F protein

Question 7

Attached to M protein
• May allow binding to FIBRONECTIN
* Fibronectin is the binding site for our organisms on membranes of host cells or structures

Answer 7

Lipoteichoic acid

Question 8

Fibronolysin that lyses blood clots

Answer 8

STREPTOKINASE

Question 9

Degrades hosts DNA &RNA

Answer 9

STREPTODORNASE

Question 10

Hydrolyze or break down hyaluronic acid which is part of the connective tissue

Answer 10

HYALURONIDASE

Question 11

Associated with the organism’s ability to destroy WBCS

Answer 11

DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE
NUCLEOTIDASE

Question 12

→ Exotoxin A→ most potent

Acquired through LYSOGENY

Associated with fever and rashes in scarlet fever

Associated with Streptococcal
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
• more fatal

Answer 12

PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS/ ERYTHROGENIC
TOXINS (A,B,C)

Question 13

Oxygen stable
Surface HEMOLYSIN
• toxic to human cells
→ Antiphagocytic
NOT antigenic

Answer 13

STREPTOLYSIN-S

Question 14

→ Antigenic
• Induce antibody response
Detect serologically
Also produced by group
C and G

Oxygen liable

Answer 14

STREPTOLYSIN-O

Question 15

I.C.E. → skin infections

Answer 15

Impetigo
Cellulitis
Erysipelas

Question 16

→ Begins as fluid-filled blisters that erupt
→ Creating weeping lesions
→ Lesions would release fluid and eventually cross over (mouth, nose, etc.)
→ Common in young children

Answer 16

IMPETIGO

Question 17

→ Inflammation/infection
of deep tissues including the skin
→ Common in middle-aged individuals

Answer 17

CELLULITIS

Question 18

→ Itchy and feels hot than the
rest of the body
→ NO PUS PRODUCTION
→ There is EXOTOXIN production
→ increased temperature and rashes

Answer 18

ERYSIPELAS (SAINT ANTHONY’S FIRE)

Question 19

→ Red swollen tonsils
→ PUS FORMATION
→ Lasts 3-5 days

Answer 19

STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS

Question 20

Occurs after Streptococcal pharyngitis or other infections

PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN is present
→ fever, rashes, strawberry tongue

Rashes start from the neck, chest, and arms

Answer 20

SCARLET FEVER

Question 21

TOXIN MEDIATED

There is hypotension, multiorgan
failure, fever, erythema, swelling, tachycardia, acute respiratory distress, renal impairment, and shock is observed

Milder compared to
staphylococcal TSS

Answer 21

STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

Question 22

cells turn black removed to stop the infection

Acquired through puncture of a structure that contains the
organism (plant thorn, abrasion by bushes)

Does not go deep but it spreads

Answer 22

NECROTIZING FASCIITIS

Question 23

→ Cardiac inflammation and scarring
→ Triggered by autoimmune reaction to infection with the GAS group

Answer 23

RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

Question 24

→ In the acute stage, the condition may consists of PANCARDITIS

→ Entire layers of the heart may be INFECTED or INFLAMMED (Myocardium, endocardium, epicardium)

Answer 24

RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

Question 25

→ Systemic disease that affects the CONNECTIVE TISSUE
around the ARTERIOLES
→ Occur after an untreated strep throat due to GAS

Answer 25

ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER

Question 26

Comprises a specific set of
RENAL DISEASES

• Immunologic mechanism →
triggers inflammation and
proliferation of glomerular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane

→ Antigen-antibody complex is
involved

Answer 26

ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 27

Comprises a specific set of
RENAL DISEASES

• Immunologic mechanism →
triggers inflammation and
proliferation of glomerular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane

→ Antigen-antibody complex is
involved

Answer 27

ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS