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Bacte LEC > Scientists > Flashcards

Scientists Flashcards

1
Q

“Micrographia”

Compound microscope and its uses

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Thin slice of cork showed “little boxes” or cells; history of cell biology; “all living things are composed of cells.”

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

First to observe live microorganisms (“animalcules”)

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoke

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4
Q

Single-lens microscope

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

(Swedish botanist)

Binomial nomenclature (“Systema Naturae”, 1735) : the genus (plural: genera) & specific epithet.

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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6
Q

The first letter of the genus is always capitalized, the specific epithet is not capitalized. Both names are underlined or italicized.

A

Binomial nomenclature

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7
Q

◼ 1st real experiment to dispute abiogenesis

A

Francesco Redi (an Italian physician; 1668)

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8
Q

◼ put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks.

Pro abiogenesis

A

John Needham (1745-1748)

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9
Q

Evidence:

Lazzaro Spallanzani (1765)

A

Pro biogenesis

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10
Q

Is there a “life force” in air that can cause microbes to develop by spontaneous generation?

Is there a means of allowing air to enter a container but not the bacteria that are present in it?

A

Louis Pasteur (1864 )

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11
Q

Nutrient broth placed in long necked-flasks, then heated

No microbial growth

There is no such life force in air, and organisms do not arise by spontaneous generation

A

Pasteur

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12
Q

Historical Development : THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY

(1857-1914)

A

Pasteur’s work
The Germ Theory of Disease Vaccination
Antimicrobial drugs

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13
Q

Microbes are responsible for Fermentation (1857) and spoilage of food.

Vinegar (acetic acid) is produced when bacteria ferments ethanol in wine.

Spoilage bacteria could be killed through pasteurization (1864).

A

Pasteur’s Work

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14
Q

discovered a silkworm disease caused by a fungus.

A

Agostino Bassi

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15
Q

advocated handwashing to prevent spread of puerperal fever (childbirth fever).

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

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16
Q

used phenol (carbolic acid) to prevent surgical wound infections

A

Joseph Lister

17
Q

discovered another silkworm disease caused by a protozoan.

A

Pasteur

18
Q

provided experimental steps used to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.

A

Robert Koch

19
Q

Microbial Etiology of Important diseases established Koch :

A

•Vibrio cholerae = Cholera

•Mycobacterium tuberculosis = TB

•Bacillus anthracis = Anthrax

20
Q

inoculated a person with cowpox virus resulting to protection from smallpox.

The protection is called immunity.

vaccination from vacca (cow)

A

Edward Jenner

21
Q

: treatment of disease by using chemical substances.

can be synthetic drugs or natural (antibiotics).

A

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapeutic agents

22
Q

= for malaria.

A

Quinine (tree bark)

23
Q

developed salvarsan (magic bullet for syphilis).

A

Paul Ehrlich

24
Q

Salvarsan toxic substance..

A

Arsenic

25
Q

discovered penicillin from the mold, Penicillium chrysogenum.

A

Alexander Fleming

26
Q

were synthesized.

A

Sulfonamides

27
Q

: Penicillin was tested clinically & mass produced.

A

1940s

28
Q

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT:

Modern Developments in Microbiology

A

Bacteriology
Mycology
Parasitology
Phycology
Virology

29
Q

proposed the use of immunology to ID bacteria according to serotypes (variants within a species).

A

Rebecca Lancefield (1933)

30
Q

introduced Recombinant DNA

A

Paul Berg (1960s)

31
Q

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT:

Microbes and Human Welfare

Modern Biotechnology

A

Genetic engineering
Gene therapy
GMOs

32
Q

Degradation of organic matter in sewage & detoxify pollutants.

Nitrosomonas europaea
Nitrobacter hamburgensis

A

Bioremediation

33
Q

Biological Insecticides

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

34
Q

Bioremediation

A

Nitrosomonas europaea
Nitrobacter hamburgensis

Bacte LEC (15 decks)

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