Story 6 Flashcards
지민이랑 준수는 밤이 되면 피곤하다.
Jimin and Junsu get tired when it becomes night.
지민 (Jimin) and 준수 (Junsu) with 이랑, which means “and, (used with nouns)” and 는, the topic marker.
밤: Night.
되면: Conditional form of 되다 (to become), meaning “if/when it becomes.”
피곤하다: To be tired.
Descriptive and action verbs
In Korean, descriptive verbs (형용사) function like adjectives in English. However, unlike in English, where adjectives are separate from verbs, in Korean, descriptive verbs are verbs that describe states or qualities. They are used to express characteristics, conditions, or feelings.
For example:
예쁘다: To be pretty.
크다: To be big.
춥다: To be cold.
Action Verb.
Indicate an action or process.
Examples: 가다 (to go), 먹다 (to eat).
그들은 일곱시에 저녁을 같이 먹는다.
They eat dinner together at seven o’clock.
일곱시: Seven o’clock.
저녁 (dinner)
같이: Together.
먹는다: Plain present tense of 먹다 (to eat).
Plain Present Tense
The plain present tense in Korean refers to the unconjugated or base form of a verb conjugated in the present tense, which is typically used in neutral, formal, or written contexts. It is not commonly used in casual spoken Korean but is essential in certain situations.
Conjugation of Plain Present Tense
Start with the verb stem (remove 다 from the dictionary form).
-는다 for verb stems that do not end in a vowel.
-ㄴ다 for verb stems that end in a vowel.
The plain present tense is often used in books, articles, essays, reports, and other formal or neutral writing.
It is neutral and not directed toward any specific audience.
When you look up verbs in a dictionary, they are in the plain form, such as 먹다 (to eat).
It is used to express universal truths, habitual actions, or general statements.
Example: 물은 흐른다.
(Water flows.)
그들의 아들도 그들과 함께 저녁을 먹는다.
Their son also eats dinner with them.
그들의: Their (possessive).
아들: Son.
함께: Together (synonym of 같이).
저녁 (dinner)
그들은 다 같이 쉬면서 티비를 본다.
They all rest together while watching TV.
다: All.
쉬다: To rest.
-면서: Indicates simultaneous actions, meaning “while.”
티비: TV (loanword).
본다: Plain present tense of 보다 (to watch).
그들의 아들도 티비를 본다.
Their son also watches TV.
그들은 여덟시에 그들의 아들을 재운다.
They put their son to sleep at eight o’clock.
재우다: To put to sleep (causative form of 자다 - to sleep).
여덟시: Eight o’clock.
지민이는 목욕을 한다.
Jimin takes a bath.
지민이는 목욕을 한다.
Jimin takes a bath.
목욕: Bath.
한다: Plain present tense of 하다 (to do), meaning “takes” in this context.
준수는 샤워하고 이를 닦는다.
Junsu takes a shower and brushes his teeth.
샤워하고:
샤워: Shower (loanword).
하고: Connective form of 하다 (to do), meaning “and.”
샤워하다: To take a shower.
닦다: To brush or clean.
이: Teeth.
지민이는 책을 보는데, 잠 들어버린다.
Jimin reads a book but ends up falling asleep.
책: Book.
보다: To see or read.
-는데: Connective ending, meaning “but” or “while.” (Maybe plane form???)
잠: Sleep.
들다: To fall asleep.
-어버리다: Auxiliary verb indicating a completed or unintended action.
-ㄴ다: Plain present tense ending.
잠들다 (to fall asleep)
잠: Sleep (noun).
들다: To enter or fall into a state.
When combined, 잠들다 literally means “to enter sleep” or “to fall asleep.”
It’s used to describe the act of transitioning from being awake to being asleep.
-어버리다 (auxiliary verb)
The verb -어버리다 is added to another verb to indicate:
Completion: The action is completed fully.
Regret or Irreversibility: The action was unintended or has an emotional undertone (e.g., relief, regret, or frustration).
In 잠 들어버린다, -어버리다 conveys that Jimin fell asleep completely, possibly unintentionally or as a result of exhaustion.
준수도 금세 잠들어버린다.
Junsu also quickly falls asleep.
금세: Quickly, soon.
우리 아들도 우리랑 함께 저녁을 먹는다.
Our son also eats dinner with us.
우리: Our (possessive pronoun)
우리랑: With us.
우리: Us.
랑: Casual particle meaning “with.”
아니요, 그들은 여섯시에 저녁을 먹지 않아요.
No, they don’t eat dinner at six o’clock.
여섯: Six (native Korean number).
아니요, 그들에게는 딸이 있는 것이 아니고, 아들이 있어요.
No, they don’t have a daughter; they have a son.
에게: A particle meaning “to” or “for,” often used to indicate possession in Korean.
그들에게: “To them” or “They have.”
딸: Daughter
있는 것: “The thing of having” (nominalized form of 있다).
이 아니고: “Is not” (negative form of 이다 + -고, meaning “and not”).
그들에게는 딸이 있는 것이 아니고:
As for them, it is not the case that they have a daughter.
이 아니고: “Is not (and).”
그들의 아들은 아홉시에 잠을 자요?
Does their son sleep at nine o’clock?
