Story 20 Flashcards

1
Q

지영이는 출근을 하려고 한다.

A

Jiyeong is about to go to work.

출근을 → “출근” (going to work) + object marker -을
“출근하다” means “to go to work,” and here 출근 is a noun form.
하려고 한다 → “하다” (to do) + -(으)려고 하다 (be about to, intend to)

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2
Q

출근 (出勤)

A

출 (出) = “exit, go out”
근 (勤) = “diligence, work”
출근하다 → “to go to work”
출근 시간 → “commuting time (rush hour)”

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3
Q

그녀는 차의 시동을 걸어보려고 한다.

A

She tries to start the car.

차의 시동 = “the car’s ignition.
걸어보려고 한다 → “걸다” (to start [a car]) + -아/어 보다 (try doing) + -(으)려고 하다 (intend to)
걸어보다 = “to try starting (the car).”
걸어보려고 한다 = “tries to start (the car).”

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4
Q

그러나 밖은 너무 춥다.

A

However, it is too cold outside.

그러나 → “However” (formal contrast).
밖은 → “밖” (outside) + topic marker -은
Emphasizes “outside” as the topic.
너무 → “too (much), excessively.”

춥다 → “cold” (in descriptive form).

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5
Q

그래서 그녀의 차는 시동이 걸리고 있지 않는다.

A

So, her car is not starting.

그래서 → “So, therefore.”
걸리고 있지 않는다 → “걸리다” (passive form of “걸다” – to start) + progressive -고 있다 (is happening) + 지 않다 (negative).

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6
Q

우선 그녀는 버스 시간표를 확인한다.

A

First, she checks the bus schedule

우선 → “First, first of all.”
버스 시간표를 → “버스 시간표” (bus schedule) + object marker -를
확인한다 → “확인하다” (to check, confirm)

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7
Q

시간표 (時間表)

A

시간표 (時間表) means “schedule” or “timetable.”
시간 (時間) = “time”
표 (表) = “table, chart”
기차 시간표 → “train schedule”
버스 시간표 → “bus schedule”
학교 시간표 → “school timetable”
수업 시간표 → “class schedule”

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8
Q

시내버스들은 너무 느리다.

A

City buses are too slow.

시내버스 = “city bus”
너무 느리다 → “너무” (too, excessively) + “느리다” (slow).
느리다 is a descriptive verb meaning “to be slow.”

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9
Q

시내버스 (市內버스)

A

시내버스 (市內버스) means “city bus.”

시내 (市內) = “downtown, city area” (市 = “city,” 內 = “inside”)
버스 (bus) = “bus” (borrowed from English)

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10
Q

대신 그녀는 기차 시간표를 확인한다.

A

Instead, she checks the train schedule.

대신 → “Instead.”
기차 시간표를 → “기차 시간표” (train schedule) + object marker -를
확인한다 → “확인하다” (to check, confirm) in present narrative form -ㄴ다.

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11
Q

기차는 제 시간에 운행되고 있다.

A

The train is running on time.

제 시간에 → “제 시간” (exact time, on time) + location/target marker -에
운행되고 있다 →
운행되다 = passive form of 운행하다 (“to operate, run”).
-고 있다 = progressive tense, meaning “is currently operating.”

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12
Q

그녀는 일하러 기차를 타고 가기로 마음먹는다.

A

She decides to take the train to work.
일하러 → “일하다” (to work) + -러 (purpose marker: “in order to work”)
일하러 = “to work” (indicates purpose).
기차를 → “기차” (train) + object marker -를
타고 가기로 →
타다 (to ride, take) + -고 가다 (to go by riding) → 타고 가다 (to go by train).
-기로 하다 = “to decide to do something.”

마음먹는다 → “마음먹다” (to make up one’s mind, decide) in narrative present tense -ㄴ다.

마음 - mind

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13
Q

그녀는 회사에 늦지 않기를 바란다.

A

She hopes not to be late for work.

늦지 않기를 → “not to be late”
늦다 = “to be late”
-지 않다 = “not (do something)” → 늦지 않다 = “not be late”
-기를 (바라다) = “hopes that…”

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14
Q

나는 회사에 늦지 않기를 바랬다.

A

I hoped not to be late for work.

회사 (會社) = “company” (會 = “meeting” + 社 = “group, society”)

늦지 않기를 → “not to be late”
늦다 = “to be late”
-지 않다 = negative form (“not”) → 늦지 않다 = “not be late”
-기를 = noun form of the verb, used with “hope/want”
바랬다. → “hoped” (past tense of 바라다 = “to hope”)

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15
Q

밖에 덥니?

A

Is it hot outside?

밖에 → “outside” (밖 = “outside” + -에 = location marker)
덥니? → “Is it hot?”
덥다 = “to be hot” (used for weather)
-니? = casual question ending (used in spoken Korean)

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16
Q

밖이 너무 춥기 때문에 지영이의 차는 시동이 걸리지 않는다.

A

Because it is too cold outside, Jiyeong’s car does not start.

춥기 때문에 → “because it is cold”
춥다 = “to be cold”
-기 때문에 = reason/cause marker (“because of”)
차 (車) = “car”
시동이 걸리지 않는다. → “does not start”
시동 (始動) = “ignition, starting” (始 = “begin” + 動 = “move”)
걸리다 = “to catch, to be set in motion”

17
Q

아니, 밖이 너무 추워서 지영이의 차는 시동이 걸리지 않아.

A

No, because it is too cold outside, Jiyeong’s car does not start.

밖이 너무 추워서 → “because it is too cold outside”
춥다 → 추워서 = “because it is cold” (-아서/-어서 = cause/reason marker)

18
Q

기차는 지연되고 있었니?

A

Was the train delayed?

기차 (汽車) = “train” (汽 = “steam” + 車 = “vehicle”)
지연되다 (遲延되다) = “to be delayed” (遲 = “late” + 延 = “extend”)

-고 있었다 = past progressive tense (“was happening”)
-니? = casual question ending

19
Q

나는 출근을 해야 했다.

A

I had to go to work.

  1. 출근을 → “commuting to work” (object)

출근 (出勤) = “going to work, commuting”
出 (출) = “to go out, to leave”
勤 (근) = “work, duty”
해야 했다 → “had to do” (past obligation)

하다 = “to do”
해야 하다 = “must do, have to do” (expresses necessity)
해야 했다 = “had to do” (past tense of 해야 하다)

20
Q

그래서 나의 차는 시동이 걸리지 않는 것이었 다.

A

So, my car was something that would not start.”
“So, my car ended up not starting.” (more natural translation)
것이었다. → “was something”
것 (거) = “thing” / “fact” (used to nominalize clauses)
이었다 = past tense of 이다 (“to be”) → “was”

21
Q

기차는 제 시간에 운행되고 있었다.

A

“The train was running on time.”

제 시간에 → “on time” / “on schedule”
제 (第) = “proper” / “correct” / “order”
시간 (時間) = “time” (時 = “hour” + 間 = “interval”)

운행되고 있었다 → “was being operated” / “was running” (past progressive passive)
운행하다 (運行하다) = “to operate (a train, bus, etc.), to run”
運 (운) = “to move, transport”
行 (행) = “to go, proceed”
운행되다 = passive form (“to be operated”)
운행되고 있었다 = past progressive passive (“was being operated”)

22
Q

지영이는 일하러 기차를 타고 가기로 마음먹었다.

A

Jiyoung decided to take the train to work.

-기로 하다 = “to decide to do something”
마음먹었다 → “decided” / “made up one’s mind”
마음 (心) = “heart, mind”
먹다 = “to eat,” but in this case, it means “to set one’s mind on something”