Story 10 Flashcards
생일 파티
Birthday Party
정훈이는 생일 파티에 간다.
Junghoon goes to a birthday party.
-ㄴ다: Declarative sentence ending, used in written or neutral contexts to state facts.
그는 수진이를 위해 선물을 사야 한다.
He has to buy a gift for Sujin.
선물: Noun meaning “gift” or “present.”
사다: Verb meaning “to buy.”
-아야 하다: Grammar structure meaning “must” or “have to.”
Example: 가야 한다 (“must go”).
사야 한다 means “has to buy.”
그런데 정훈이는 파티에 자주 가지 않는다.
However, Junghoon doesn’t often go to parties.
그런데 - but, however
자주 - Adverb meaning “often” or “frequently.”
그는 긴장되고 무엇을 사야 할지 고민한다.
He feels nervous and worries about what to buy.
긴장되다: Verb meaning “to feel nervous” or “to be tense.”
-고: Connective ending, meaning “and.”
무엇: Pronoun meaning “what.”
-을: Object marker, indicating that “what” is the object of the verb 사다 (“to buy”).
사다: Verb meaning “to buy.”
-아야 하다: Grammar structure meaning “must” or “have to.”
-ㄹ지: Ending used to indicate uncertainty or indirect questioning.
고민하다: Verb meaning “to worry” or “to deliberate.”
수진이는 쥬얼리, 동물, 그리고 파란색을 좋아한다.
Sujin likes jewelry, animals, and the color blue.
쥬얼리: “jewelry.”
동물: “animals.”
그리고: “and.”
파란색: “blue color.”
-을: Object marker, indicating that these items are the object of the verb 좋아한다.
정훈이는 쥬얼리 가게에 간다.
Junghoon goes to a jewelry store.
그는 예쁜 은목걸이를 본다.
He sees a pretty silver necklace.
예쁘다: Adjective meaning “pretty” or “beautiful.”
-ㄴ: Modifier ending for adjectives, used to describe a following noun.
은목걸이: Compound noun meaning “silver necklace.”
은: “Silver.”
목걸이: “Necklace.”
-아야 하다: “Must” or “Have to”
The grammar structure -아야 하다 or -어야 하다 is used to express necessity, obligation, or requirement—essentially meaning “must” or “have to.”
Formation
Verb stem + -아/어야 하다
Use -아야 하다 if the verb stem ends with ㅏ or ㅗ (bright vowels).
Example: 가다 → 가야 하다 (“must go”).
Use -어야 하다 if the verb stem ends with other vowels.
Example: 먹다 → 먹어야 하다 (“must eat”).
Use -여야 하다 for 하다 verbs.
Example: 공부하다 → 공부해야 하다 (“must study”).
Examples
가야 하다: Must go.
가다 (“to go”) + -아야 하다 = “must go.”
먹어야 하다: Must eat.
먹다 (“to eat”) + -어야 하다 = “must eat.”
공부해야 하다: Must study.
공부하다 (“to study”) + -여야 하다 = “must study.”
-ㄹ지: Indicating Uncertainty or Indirect Questioning
The grammar structure -ㄹ지 or -을지 is used to express uncertainty, indirect questioning, or contemplation about a possible action or situation. It can often be translated as “whether” or “if.”
Formation
Verb/Adjective stem + -ㄹ지/을지
Use -ㄹ지 if the stem ends in a vowel.
Example: 가다 → 갈지 (“whether to go”).
Use -을지 if the stem ends in a consonant.
Example: 먹다 → 먹을지 (“whether to eat”).
Examples
가다 → 갈지:
내일 갈지 모르겠어요.
(“I don’t know whether I’ll go tomorrow.”)
먹다 → 먹을지:
뭘 먹을지 고민 중이에요.
(“I’m wondering what to eat.”)
하다 → 할지:
무슨 일을 할지 결정해야 해요.
(“I have to decide what work to do.”)
목걸이에 파란색 고양이가 있다.
There is a blue cat on the necklace.
고양이: cat (noun).
정훈이는 기뻐하고 목걸이를 산다
Junghoon is happy and buys the necklace.
기뻐하고: “is happy and” (기쁘다: “to be happy” + -고: connector meaning “and”).
그는 수진이가 목걸이를 마음에 들어 하길 바란다.
He hopes that Sujin will like the necklace.
마음에 들어 하다: “to like” (literally: “to find it appealing to the heart”).
-길 바란다: “hopes that” (from 바라다: “to hope” + -길, contracted form of -기를).
마음 (ma-eum): Heart or mind.
에 (e): Location particle, meaning “in” or “to.”
들다 (deul-da): To enter.
Combined, it literally means “to enter the heart,” which metaphorically expresses that something is appealing or liked.
-하기를 (ha-gi-reul) is the full form, which consists of:
-기 (-gi): A nominalizer, turning a verb into a noun-like form (e.g., 하다 → 하기, “doing”).
-를 (-reul): Object marker, indicating that the nominalized verb is the object of the main verb.
It adds nuance to express hope, desire, or intention for someone to perform an action or for something to happen.
바라다 (ba-ra-da)
Meaning:
To hope, wish, or desire something.
It is often used with verbs in the -하기를 or -하길 form to express what someone hopes for.
수진이가 동물을 좋아해요?
Does Sujin like animals?
아니요, 수진이가 쥬얼리 가게에 가지 않고 정훈이가 가요.
No, Sujin does not go to the jewelry store, but Jeonghun does.
아니요, 그는 반지가 아니라 은목걸이를 봐요.
“No, he is looking at a silver necklace, not a ring.”
반지가 아니라:
반지: “Ring.”
-가: Subject marker.
아니라: “Not … but” (used to contrast two things).
목걸이는 은으로 되어있어요.
The necklace is made of silver.
은: “Silver.”
-으로: Particle meaning “made of” or “by means of.”
되어있어요:
되다: “To become” or “to be made of.”
목걸이는 금이 아니라 은으로 되어있어요.
The necklace is not made of gold but of silver.
금이 아니라:
금: “Gold.”
-이 아니라: “Not … but” (contrast).
아니라: “Not ~ but ~” (negative form of 이다, meaning “to be not”).
되어있어요: Passive form of 되다 (“to become”), meaning “is made of.”
이것은 책이 아니라 노트예요.
“This is not a book but a notebook.”
책이 아니라: “Not a book” (subject marker on “book” because it is the thing being negated).
