Story 19 Flashcards
민수는 학교에서 쉬고 있다.
Min-su is resting at school.
쉬고 있다 → “쉬다” (to rest) in the 고 있다 form, which expresses a continuous action (i.e., “is resting” rather than just “rests”).
열두 시이고 점심시간이다.
열두 시이고 → “열두 시” (twelve o’clock) + -이고, which is the -이다 (to be) verb in its connective form
점심시간이다 → “점심시간” (lunchtime) + -이다, which is the copula verb “to be,” stating that it is lunchtime.
민수는 집에서 점심을 싸오지 않았다.
Min-su did not pack and bring lunch from home.
에서, indicating the place where the action (packing lunch) would have taken place.
“점심” (lunch)
싸오지 않았다 → “싸오다” (to pack and bring something) in its negative past tense form:
싸다 (to pack) + 오다 (to come) → 싸오다 (to pack and bring)
-지 않다 (negative form) + 았다 (past tense ending) → 싸오지 않았다 (“did not pack and bring”).
그는 학교에서 점심을 사 먹어야 한다.
He has to buy and eat lunch at school.
사 먹어야 한다 → “사 먹다” (to buy and eat) in the -어야 한다 form, which expresses necessity or obligation:
사다 (to buy) + 먹다 (to eat) → 사 먹다 (to buy and eat).
-어야 하다 (“must” / “have to”) → 사 먹어야 한다 (“has to buy and eat”).
그는 식당에 간다.
He goes to the cafeteria.
식당에 → “식당” (cafeteria/restaurant)
그는 감자튀김과 샐러드를 본다.
He looks at the French fries and salad.
“감자튀김” (French fries) + 과 (“and”) + “샐러드” (salad)
본다 → “보다” (to see/look at) in the present tense.
그의 엄마는 그가 샐러드를 먹기를 원한다.
His mother wants him to eat the salad.
먹기 is the nominalized form of “먹다” (eating).
그러나 민수는 감자튀김을 먹고 싶다.
However, Min-su wants to eat French fries.
그러나 → Conjunction meaning “however” or “but.”
먹고 싶다 → “먹다” (to eat) + -고 싶다, which expresses wanting to do something (first-person or third-person).
그는 잠시 생각한다.
He thinks for a moment.
잠시 → Adverb meaning “for a moment” or “briefly.”
생각한다 → “생각하다” (to think) in the neutral present tense -ㄴ다 form.
그러고 나서, 그는 감자튀김을 사서 먹는다.
Then, he buys French fries and eats them.
그러고 나서 → Conjunction meaning “then” or “after that.”
“사다” (to buy) + -서 (indicating sequential actions) + “먹다” (to eat) in the neutral present -ㄴ다 form
사서 먹다 means “to buy and then eat” (indicating that the buying happens first, followed by eating).
그러고 나서
그러고 나서 literally means “after doing that” or “then, after that.”
It is used to indicate a sequence of actions, where the first action has been completed before moving on to the next.
그러고 → “그렇게 하고” shortened form
그렇게 (like that, in that way) + 하고 (and, after doing)
This part means “doing it like that” or “having done that.”
나서 → Derived from the verb 나다, which means “to occur” or “to be completed.”
In this context, 나서 means “after something has been done.”
그의 엄마는 그가 감자튀김이 아닌 샐러드를 먹길 원한다.
His mother wants him to eat salad, not French fries.
감자튀김이 → “감자튀김” (French fries) + subject marker -이
Even though “감자튀김” is an object in meaning, it gets the subject marker because of the 아닌 structure.
아닌 → Negative form of 이다 (to be)
아니다 means “to not be,” and 아닌 is its modifying form, meaning “not [something].”
감자튀김이 아닌 means “not French fries.”
