Story 23 Flashcards
시험 아니면 파티?
Exam or part?
시험 (試驗) = “Exam, test.”
試 (시험할 시): “To test, try.”
驗 (시험할 험): “To verify, examine.”
아니면 = “Or” (used for choosing between two options).
파티 (party) = “Party” (borrowed from English).
루이는 대학생입니다.
Louis is a university student.
대학생 (大學生) = “University student.”
大 (클 대): “Big, great.”
學 (배울 학): “To learn, study.”
生 (날 생): “Born, life, student.”
-입니다: Formal 이다 (“to be”) conjugated in the polite form.
그는 이번 달에 졸업합니다.
He is graduating this month.
이번 (이 + 번): “This time” → “This (month, week, year, etc.).”
달: “Month.”
졸업합니다 (졸업하다 + -ㅂ니다): Polite present tense of “to graduate.”
졸업 (卒業) = “Graduation.”
卒 (마칠 졸): “To finish, complete.”
業 (업 업): “Work, business, field of study.”
-하다: Verb-making suffix.
-ㅂ니다: Formal present tense ending.
그러나 먼저, 그는 몇 가지의 시험을 쳐야 합니다.
However, first, he must take several exams.
그러나: “However.”
먼저: “First, beforehand.”
몇 가지: “Several kinds, a few types.”
-의: Possessive particle (“of”).
시험 (試驗) = “Exam, test.”
試 (시험할 시): “To test, try.”
驗 (시험할 험): “To verify, examine.”
쳐야 합니다 (치다 + -어야 하다):
치다: “To take (an exam),” “to hit.”
-어야 하다: Grammar pattern meaning “must, have to.”
합니다: Formal ending.
루이는 여섯 가지 시험을 쳐야 합니다.
Louis must take six exams.
여섯 가지: “Six kinds/types” (here referring to six exams).
치다: “To take (an exam),” “to hit.”
-어야 하다: Grammar pattern meaning “must, have to.”
합니다: Formal ending.
루이는 시험을 위해 많은 공부를 해야 합니다.
Louis must study a lot for his exams.
시험을: “Exam” (object).
위해 (위하다 + -에): “For (the purpose of),” “in order to.”
많은 (많다 + -은): “Many, a lot of” (descriptive form).
공부를 (工夫) = “Study, studying.”
工 (장인 공): “Work, labor.”
夫 (지아비 부): “Man, husband” (originally meant “scholar” in compounds).
해야 합니다 (하다 + -어야 하다):
하다: “To do.”
-어야 하다: “Must, have to.”
합니다: Formal ending.
하지만, 이번 주말은 루이 친구의 생일입니다.
However, this weekend is Louis’ friend’s birthday.
하지만: “However, but.”
이번 (이 + 번): “This (time)” → “This weekend.”
주말 (週末) = “Weekend.”
週 (돌 주): “Week, cycle.”
末 (끝 말): “End, last.”
루이 친구의: “Louis’ friend’s” (possessive -의).
생일 (生日) = “Birthday.”
生 (날 생): “To be born, life.”
日 (날 일): “Day.”
-입니다: Formal 이다 (“to be”).
루이의 친구는 그를 파티에 초대하고 싶습니다.
Louis’ friend wants to invite him to the party.
그를: “Him” (object form of 그 “he”).
파티에: “To the party” (locative/directional -에).
초대하고 (초대하다 + -고):
초대하다 (招待) = “To invite.”
招 (부를 초): “To call, summon.”
待 (기다릴 대): “To wait, treat.”
-고: Connective ending (“and”).
싶습니다 (싶다 + -습니다):
싶다: “To want to.”
-습니다: Formal ending.
루이도 그의 파티에 가고 싶습니다.
Louis also wants to go to his party.
결국, 그는 친구의 파티에 가기로 결정합니다.
In the end, he decides to go to his friend’s party.
결국 (結局) = “Eventually, in the end.”
結 (맺을 결): “To tie, bind.”
局 (판 국): “Bureau, situation, conclusion.”
결정하다 (決定) = “To decide.”
決 (결단할 결): “To decide.”
定 (정할 정): “To settle, fix.”
그는 파티 후에 시험 공부를 할 것입니다.
He will study for the exam after the party.
파티 후에 (파티 + 후 + -에):
파티: “Party.”
후 (後) = “After.”
-에: Time marker (“after the party”).
시험 공부를: “Exam study” (object -를).
시험 (試驗) = “Exam.”
공부 (工夫) = “Study.”
할 것입니다 (하다 + -을 것이다):
하다: “To do.”
-을 것이다: Future tense structure meaning “will do.”
할 것입니다 (하다 + -을 것이다)
할 것입니다 (하다 + -을 것이다)
This is a future tense structure in Korean. Let’s analyze it step by step.
- 하다 (To do)
하다 is a general verb meaning “to do.”
It is used for many nouns to create verbs, such as:
공부하다 (to study)
운동하다 (to exercise) - -을 것이다 (Future tense structure)
This structure expresses a future event or prediction.
It is made of two parts:
① -을/ㄹ (Future tense marker)
When a verb stem ends in a consonant → attach -을
하(다) → 할
먹다 (to eat) → 먹을
When a verb stem ends in a vowel → attach -ㄹ
가다 (to go) → 갈
보다 (to see) → 볼
② 것이다 (이다 + 것)
것 = “thing” (abstract noun).
이다 = “to be” (copula verb).
Together, 것이다 creates a grammatical structure that means “(it) will be (that…)”
3. Combining Everything
Now, let’s put it all together:
하다 → 할 (Future tense form of “to do”)
할 + 것이다 → 할 것이다 (“will do”)
할 것입니다 (formal polite version)
Meaning & Usage
시험 공부를 할 것입니다.
→ “I/He/She will study for the exam.”
내일 친구를 만날 것입니다.
→ “I will meet a friend tomorrow.”
제 친구는 제가 파티에 오기를 바랐습니다.
My friend hoped that I would come to the party.
오기를 (오다 + -기를)
오다: “To come.”
-기를: Nominalization (turns the verb into an object, similar to “that I come”).
바랐습니다 (바라다 + -았/었/했습니다)
바라다: “To hope, wish.”
-았/었/했습니다: Formal past tense.
루이는 언제 졸업합니까?
When does Louis graduate?
언제 → “When.”
-ㅂ니까?: Formal question ending.
루이는 아홉 가지 시험을 쳐야 합니까?
Does Louis have to take nine tests?
아홉: “Nine.”
가지: “Kinds, types” (used to count categories).
이번 주말은 루이 친구의 무슨 날입니까?
(What day is this weekend for Louis’ friend?)
무슨 날입니까? (무슨 + 날 + -입니까?)
무슨: “What kind of.”
날: “Day.”
-입니까?: Formal question ending.
루이의 친구는 무엇을 바랐습니까?
What did Louis’ friend hope for?
무엇을 (무엇 + -을)
무엇: “What.”
-을: Object marker.
바랐습니까? (바라다 + -았/었/습니까?)
바라다: “To hope, wish.”
-았/었/습니까?: Formal past tense question.
가지 (種)
가지 (種) is a Korean counter used to count different types, kinds, or varieties of things. It is not just a general number counter but specifically indicates different categories or groups of something.
Examples of 가지 in Use
Used to count types of things
세 가지 음식이 있어요. → “There are three kinds of food.”
나는 네 가지 언어를 할 수 있어요. → “I can speak four kinds of languages.”
다섯 가지 색깔을 골라요. → “Choose five kinds of colors.”
→ Here, 가지 is used because we are talking about different categories (types of food, languages, colors), not just objects in general.
Difference between 개 and 가지
사과 다섯 개 → “Five apples” (just counting apples).
사과 다섯 가지 → “Five kinds of apples” (e.g., Fuji, Gala, Honeycrisp, Granny Smith, Red Delicious).
→ 개 is used for counting individual objects, while 가지 is used to count different categories or varieties.
When NOT to use 가지
책 세 권 (NOT 세 가지 책) → “Three books” (individual books, not different types of books).
펜 두 개 (NOT 두 가지 펜) → “Two pens” (just counting items, not types).
But if you’re talking about different categories, then 가지 is correct:
책 세 가지 → “Three types of books” (e.g., novels, textbooks, comic books).
펜 두 가지 → “Two kinds of pens” (e.g., ballpoint pen, fountain pen).
How does this relate to the sentence?
루이는 여섯 가지 시험을 쳐야 합니다.
→ “Louis has to take six kinds of tests.”
This means six different types of tests (e.g., math test, science test, history test), not just six test papers of the same kind.
