SSection 4 Review Flashcards
What step cadence is used during the YMCA 3-minute step test?
A cadence of 96 steps per minute
Which of the following tests is designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal sprinting speed?
40-yard dash
Which movement assessment utilizes weighted pullies to assess a pushing movement?
Standing push assessment
Which movement assessment is a global observation of the entire kinetic chain and recommended as the first movement assessment to use with all clients?
Overhead squat
What principle is hydrostatic underwater weighing based upon?
Archimedes’ principle
For which movement impairment would you see the shoulders moving upward toward the ears?
Shoulder elevation
In which BMI category would you classify Vincent if he has a BMI of 27?
Overweight
Which of the following represents a criterion for terminating an exercise test or exercise bout that involves exertion?
Any indication of chest pain or angina-like symptoms
If Joe takes a 6-second heart rate count on his client and notes 8 beats, what would his client’s heart rate be?
80 beats per minute
What does BMI (body mass index) assess for?
Whether a person’s weight is appropriate for their height
Which of the following exercises is typically used to measure maximum strength of the upper extremities during a pushing movement?
Bench press strength assessment
Where is it most common to take an individual’s circumference measurement to assess health risk?
Waist
Which muscles are typically overactive in association with upper crossed syndrome?
Upper trapezius
What are three postural distortion patterns to look for in static postural assessments?
Pes planus distortion syndrome, lower crossed syndrome, and upper crossed syndrome
Into which category would a resting blood pressure score of 128/86 mm Hg fall?
Elevated
For which population is the 1.5-mile (2.4-km) run test considered most valid?
College-aged athletes
Which of the following tests is used to measure lateral speed and agility?
Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)
Which muscles are typically underactive in association with lower crossed syndrome?
Abdominals
Which test would you select as the most appropriate when attempting to measure the overall fitness level of a fit college-aged athlete who competes on the school’s rugby team?
The 1.5-mile (2.4-km) run test
What step height is used for the YMCA 3-minute step test?
12 inches
Which type of assessment is typically performed first in the assessment flow?
Static posture
What tests should be performed last in the overall assessment flow?
Performance assessments
Which muscles may be overactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat?
Tensor fascia latae and adductor complex
Which postural distortion is characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis (extension) of the lumbar spine?
Lower crossed syndrome
Which of the following exercises is typically used to measure muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement?
Push-up test
What is the physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal body temperature, including events like sweating to cool the body and shivering to warm the body?
Thermoregulation
How is lower crossed syndrome characterized?
Anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine
Which muscles are typically underactive in association with pes planus distortion syndrome?
Anterior and posterior tibialis, and gluteus maximus and medius
Waist circumference acts as an important indicator for diseases such as what?
Heart disease and diabetes
Which test provides the most personalized assessment of an individual’s true metabolic function?
Ventilatory threshold (VT1) test
Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pushing assessment?
Upper trapezius
For which movement impairment would you see the knees bow outward?
Knee varus
What are three postural distortion patterns to look for in static postural assessments?
Pes planus distortion syndrome, lower crossed syndrome, and upper crossed syndrome
What is best defined as the action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body?
Peripheral vasodilation
Which muscles are typically overactive in association with upper crossed syndrome?
Upper trapezius
Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to the excessive forward trunk lean during the overhead squat assessment?
Hip flexors
Which postural distortion is characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis (extension) of the lumbar spine?
Lower crossed syndrome
What step height is used for the YMCA 3-minute step test?
12 inches
What best defines a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)?
A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise
Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to the low back arching during the overhead squat assessment?
Hip flexor complex
Which postural distortion is characterized by a forward head and rounded shoulders?
Upper crossed syndrome
Which muscles are typically overactive when the feet turn out?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
What are the five kinetic chain checkpoints
Feet and ankles, knees, LPHC, shoulders, and head and neck
Which muscles may be overactive with knee valgus during the single-leg squat?
Adductor complex
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to arms falling forward in the overhead squat assessment?
Middle and lower trapezius
Which of the following tests is used to measure lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control?
Pro shuttle
Which of the following tests is used to measure lower-extremity power?
Vertical jump
Which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat?
Gluteus maximus and medius
Which of the following represents a criterion for terminating an exercise test or exercise bout that involves exertion?
Any indication of chest pain or angina-like symptoms
In most individuals, to what pressure is the blood pressure cuff inflated when measuring resting blood pressure?
The cuff is inflated to a value of 20 to 30 mm Hg above the point at which the pulse can no longer be felt at the wrist.
Which muscles are typically underactive in association with upper crossed syndrome?
Lower trapezius
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pushing assessment?
Lower trapezius
Which of the following tests uses recovery heart rate rather than exercising heart rate to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness levels?
YMCA 3-minute step test
When sequencing physiological assessments, which of the following would produce a better result if measured immediately after exercise rather than before exercise?
Flexibility
Which muscles are typically underactive when the feet turn out?
Anterior and posterior tibialis
Where is the appropriate location to take a waist circumference measurement?
At the narrowest point of the waist, below the rib cage and just above the top of the hip bones (while standing)
What do you visualize to detect the movement impairment shoulder elevation?
The shoulders moving upward toward the ears
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to the low back arching during the overhead squat assessment?
Gluteus maximus
Which skinfold sites are measured if determining body composition via the Durnin-Womersley protocol?
Biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac
How is heart rate collected during the YMCA 3-minute step test to evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness level of an individual?
It is measured over a 60-second count immediately following the test.
Which muscle or muscles would be considered overactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pulling assessment?
Upper trapezius and levator scapula
Which of the following is not a component that needs to be considered when planning a VT1 test?
Environmental temperature
How many skinfold sites are measured when determining body composition using the Durnin-Womersley protocol?
4
Which of the following statements defines the chest skinfold location for men?
diagonal fold taken half the distance between the anterior axillary line and the nipple
Which type of assessment assesses the alignment of the body while in motion?
Dynamic posture assessment
When is a muscle considered overactive?
When it is in a state of elevated neural activity (compared to its antagonist muscle), which causes the muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction
Which of the following intensities best represents VT2 during the incremental test protocol?
When the individual responds with “no” when asked, “Can you speak competently?”
How is upper crossed syndrome characterized?
Forward head and protracted shoulders
Which term defines the degree to which a test specifically measures what it is intended to measure?
Validity
What is best defined as the action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body?
Peripheral vasodilation
What artery is used to measure blood pressure?
Brachial artery
How can diastolic blood pressure be defined?
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded
What is reached when a talk test during exercise reveals a client to be working at ventilatory threshold 2?
The level at which the body can work at its highest sustainable steady-state intensity for more than a few minutes
Which postural distortion is characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips?
Pes planus distortion syndrome
Which of the following statements describes the abdominal skinfold location?
A vertical skinfold taken 1 inch lateral to the umbilicus (belly button)
The standard Jackson and Pollock 3-Site protocol for women requires skinfold measurements at which of the following sites?
Suprailiac, thigh, and triceps
What location on the body does NASM recommend for measuring the resting heart rate?
Radial pulse
The PAR-Q+ and preparticipation process reflects what three health indicators?
An individual’s current level of physical activity, the presence of signs and symptoms of disease, and the individual’s desired exercise intensity
.
Which test provides the most personalized assessment of an individual’s true metabolic function?
Ventilatory threshold (VT1) test
Which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat?
Gluteus maximus and medius
What population is the VT2 talk test appropriate for?
Individuals with performance goals
What is a body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body?
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
What is the definition of anthropometry?
The field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion
Which muscles are typically underactive in association with pes planus distortion syndrome?
Anterior and posterior tibialis, and gluteus maximus and medius
What would not be a reason to terminate an exercise test?
The individual is tired from the test.
What do you visualize to detect the movement impairment shoulder elevation?
The shoulders moving upward toward the ears
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pulling assessment?
Lower trapezius
Which of the following waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs) places Amy (a female) in the high-risk category for cardiovascular disease?
WHR of 0.88
Which of the following tests is used to measure lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control?
Pro shuttle
What artery is used to measure blood pressure?
Brachial artery
What interventions are suggested for an individual with a resting blood pressure of 134/86 mm Hg?
Some lifestyle changes coupled with some medical monitoring
Which of the following tests is used to measure lateral speed and agility?
Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)
What is best defined as the action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body?
Peripheral vasodilation
Peripheral vasodilation
135/80 mm Hg
What location on the body does NASM recommend for measuring the resting heart rate?
Radial pulse
What is reached when a talk test during exercise reveals a client to be working at ventilatory threshold 2?
The level at which the body can work at its highest sustainable steady-state intensity for more than a few minutes
What artery is used to measure blood pressure?
Brachial artery
Which term defines the degree to which a test specifically measures what it is intended to measure?
Validity
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to the excessive forward trunk lean during the overhead squat assessment?
Gluteus maximus
The standard Jackson and Pollock 3-Site protocol for women requires skinfold measurements at which of the following sites?
Suprailiac, thigh, and triceps
Which muscles are typically underactive in association with lower crossed syndrome?
Abdominals
Which of the following statements describes the abdominal skinfold location?
A vertical skinfold taken 1 inch lateral to the umbilicus (belly button)
What term refers to the ability of a test to produce consistent and repeatable results?
Reliability
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to arms falling forward in the overhead squat assessment?
Middle and lower trapezius
Which type of assessment assesses the alignment of the body while in motion?
Dynamic posture assessment
What is Bernadette’s waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) if she is measured with a waist circumference of 28 inches and a hip circumference of 33 inches?
0.85
Which muscles are typically underactive when the feet turn out?
Anterior and posterior tibialis
What is the best description of a steady-state heart rate?
Any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed
Which type of assessment measures overall strength, stability, muscular endurance, and agility?
Performance assessment
What is a body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body?
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
Which muscles are typically overactive when the feet turn out?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
Into which category would a resting blood pressure score of 128/79 mm Hg fall?
Elevated
What are the five kinetic chain checkpoints?
Feet and ankles, knees, LPHC, shoulders, and head and neck
What best defines a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)?
A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise
The PAR-Q+ and preparticipation process reflects what three health indicators?
An individual’s current level of physical activity, the presence of signs and symptoms of disease, and the individual’s desired exercise intensity
Which muscles may be overactive with knee valgus during the overhead squat?
Tensor fascia latae and adductor complex
Which postural distortion is characterized by a forward head and rounded shoulders?
Upper crossed syndrome
Which skinfold sites are measured if determining body composition via the Durnin-Womersley protocol?
Biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pulling assessment?
Lower trapezius
Which type of assessment evaluates the position of the musculoskeletal system while the body is standing still?
Static posture assessment
Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to the low back arching during the overhead squat assessment?
Hip flexor complex
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pushing assessment?
Lower trapezius
Which postural distortion is characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis (extension) of the lumbar spine?
Lower crossed syndrome
How is upper crossed syndrome characterized?
Forward head and protracted shoulders
