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CPT Class > SSection 2 Review > Flashcards

SSection 2 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

A long-term client has recently indicated that she wants to start training for a fitness competition and, due to her competitive nature, she indicates that she wants to win. Which type of motivation is driving her?

A

Extrinsic motivation

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2
Q

A client who has been training for 6 months has recently moved farther from the fitness facility. Which barrier should she be preparing to overcome?

A

Convenience

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3
Q

Adjusting daily priorities is a strategy to overcome which of the following barriers?

A

Lack of time

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4
Q

A client wants to improve their deadlift. Which of the following is an outcome goal?

A

I want to deadlift 300 pounds.

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5
Q

Intentions are a good predictor of behavior, but what has been shown to help translate intentions into behavior?

A

Planning

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6
Q

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation describes which term?

A

Socioeconomic status

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7
Q

If a new client indicates that they are frustrated with their lack of expected results, which barrier are they likely experiencing?

A

Unrealistic goals

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8
Q

At which stage of change are self-efficacy levels generally the highest?

A

Maintenance

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9
Q

This is a conversational technique that helps the listener express the supposed meaning of what was just heard.

A

Reflections

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10
Q

Which leadership component refers to the leader being a great example for how to live a healthy and balanced life, which includes being optimistic, empathetic, and knowledgeable?

A

Leader’s qualities

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11
Q

Which behavior change technique allows individuals to identify external triggers that lead them to behave in certain ways?

A

Self-monitoring

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12
Q

Ambivalent people may be reluctant to start an exercise program. What should the fitness professional focus on when helping a potential client overcome this barrier?

A

Probe further to determine other barriers they are experiencing and possible motives to participate.

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13
Q

statement that shows appreciation for someone’s strengths.

A

An affirmation

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14
Q

Which of the following is a question that may promote change?

A

What might you want to change?

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15
Q

When family members are not supportive of exercise-related behaviors, it can be viewed as which of the following?

A

A barrier to exercise

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16
Q

What stage of change is a person in if they are not planning on exercising within the next 6 months?

A

Precontemplation

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17
Q

Which statement best demonstrates empathy?

A

I know that finding time to exercise is hard. I struggle to get it done sometimes as well.

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18
Q

What type of imagery involves focusing on exercise form?

A

Technique imagery

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19
Q

When it comes to exercise, older adults find which of the following to be the most motivating?

A

Health and well-being

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20
Q

Social support is best described by which statement?

A

The intentional things that people do to assist others to achieve a specific behavior

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21
Q

Which barrier to exercise is most likely to be associated with body image issues?

A

Social physique anxiety

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22
Q

Which of the following is a behavior change technique where clients list potential barriers and make plans to overcome them?

A

Coping responses

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23
Q

What type of communication includes posture, hand gestures, proximity to others, and facial expressions?

A

Nonverbal communication

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24
Q

Providing encouragement and being empathetic is an example of which type of social support?

A

Emotional support

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25
Q

What stage of change is a person in if they are planning on exercising within the next 6 months?

A

Contemplation

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26
Q

Not having someone to exercise with would be an example of which type of barrier?

A

Lack of social support

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27
Q

Which barrier is most often cited as a top barrier among most individuals?

A

Lack of time

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28
Q

The role of psychology in fitness and wellness is strongly rooted in which area?

A

Behavioral change

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29
Q

Individuals in this stage of change may sporadically engage in physical activity but without any form, structure, or consistency.

A

Preparation

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30
Q

When a client makes a plan, such as, “When I am done with work, I will run for 30 minutes,” what are they doing?

A

Forming an implementation intention

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31
Q

When it comes to barriers to exercise, which statement is correct?

A

Barriers to exercise are often cited by people who are sedentary or infrequently active.

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32
Q

A client is asked to record what exercises they perform, how much they eat, and how much they sleep. Which of these strategies is the client using?

A

Self-monitoring

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33
Q

Which of the following is an open-ended question?

A

What can you tell me about your past exercise experiences?

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34
Q

What is the correct order of the Stages of Change?

A

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

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35
Q

Which of the following describes attitude?

A

The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior

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36
Q

What stage of change is a person in if they have been exercising but for less than 6 months?

A

Action

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37
Q

Which of the following reasons for group exercise participation is described as having a schedule and being able to anticipate what the exercise experience will be like?

A

Consistency

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38
Q

What stage of change is a person in if they have been exercising consistently for 6 months or longer?

A

Maintenance

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39
Q

Having poor body image is most likely to be associated with which of the following?

A

Low self-esteem

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40
Q

Which of the following is true about body image?

A

Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately.

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41
Q

When a client indicates that she finds it difficult to complete a workout on her own, she is likely in need of which type of support?

A

Companionship support

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42
Q

A Certified Personal Trainer asks a client who is not currently doing any aerobic training how ready they are to do aerobic training one time per week for 30 minutes using a scale of 1 through 10, with 1 representing not at all ready and 10 representing completely ready. They say they are at a 1; what stage of change are they in?

A

Precontemplation

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43
Q

The number of sidewalks available in a community is an example of which of the following?

A

The built environment

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44
Q

Self-esteem and body image are said to have which type of relationship?

A

Reciprocal

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45
Q

Which of the following is an example of a client’s intrinsic motivation for exercise?

A

Exercising because it is fun

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46
Q

What is the practice of identifying a negative inner narrative and replacing it with positive statements?

A

Reverse listing

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47
Q

The field of psychology focuses on which of the following domains?

A

The mind and behavior

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48
Q

A Certified Personal Trainer has been listening to a client’s goals. After the client is done speaking, the trainer restates the goals back to the client. What best describes the approach the trainer is using?

A

Reflective listening

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49
Q

Long-term exercise adherence is associated with which type of motivation?

A

Intrinsic motivation

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50
Q

client who has been training consistently for over a year has indicated that he wants to find more efficient ways to exercise at home. Which type of social support does he need?

A

Informational support

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51
Q

What behavior change technique is a specific plan that drives behavior by identifying cues toward action?

A

Implementation intention

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52
Q

Certified Personal Trainer is speaking with a client who is not currently doing any consistent aerobic training. They ask how ready the client is to do aerobic training once a week for 30 minutes, using a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing “not at all ready” and 10 representing “completely ready.” If the client is at a 9, what stage of change are they in?

A

Preparation

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53
Q

What might a Certified Personal Trainer do for someone in the precontemplation stage of change?

A

Provide them with education and knowledge

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54
Q

Which type of motivation would be characterized by a client who enjoys the process of becoming more fit?

A

Intrinsic motivation

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55
Q

At the beginning of an exercise session, a client has shared that they are in a bad mood and would rather skip the session. Which of the following observations should the fitness professional share with the client?

A

Exercise is known to improve mood, even with bouts as short as 10 minutes, so exercise is a good remedy.

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56
Q

What type of imagery occurs when a client imagines health-related outcomes?

A

Appearance imagery

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57
Q

Which of the following is a question that may provoke resistance?

A

Why don’t you want to change?

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58
Q

What part of a SMART goal involves being able to track progress?

A

Measurable

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59
Q

The intensity and direction of someone’s effort describes which of the following?

A

Motivation

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60
Q

A known relationship between sleep and exercise is demonstrated by which statement?

A

Increasing physical activity to at least 150 minutes per week at a moderate intensity can decrease symptoms of insomnia.

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61
Q

Which term best describes when someone has mixed feelings about exercise and can see both the pros and cons of participating?

A

Ambivalence

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62
Q

Having an informal role in an exercise group is demonstrated by which example?

A

Planning social gatherings for the group

63
Q

Which of the following would be considered a process goal?

A

Run three times a week

64
Q

new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting?

A

Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.

65
Q

If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client improve their technique by using guided practice to enhance confidence, what determinant of behavior are they targeting?

A

Self-efficacy

66
Q

What type of listening involves making a best guess as to what the speaker means, then stating it back to the speaker?

A

Reflective listening

67
Q

If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client make an action plan to enhance their confidence that they can exercise on their own, what determinant of behavior are they targeting?

A

Self-efficacy

68
Q

Which subtopic of psychology deals with how the environment affects exercise behavior?

A

Sport and exercise psychology

69
Q

Without a perceived discrepancy between a client’s current state and making a change, what is lacking?

A

Motivation

70
Q

Research has demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise is best for which of the following?

A

Providing psychological benefits

71
Q

If a client is using social media to find inspiration, information, or support for their fitness endeavors, it would be an example of which social construct?

A

Social influence

72
Q

Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise?

A

Instrumental support

73
Q

Which behavior change technique allows individuals to identify external triggers that lead them to behave in certain ways?

A

Self-monitoring

74
Q

Extrinsic motivation is characterized by which of the following?

A

Participating in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others

75
Q

When a client makes a statement that supports their current behavior, what is this called?

A

Sustain talk

76
Q

What is a client-centric coaching style that helps enhance their desire to change by resolving ambivalence?

A

Motivational interviewing

77
Q

Social physique anxiety is best defined by which statement?

A

When someone feels insecure about how they think others are viewing their body

78
Q

When a Certified Personal Trainer wants to enhance a client’s self-efficacy by breaking down exercises or goals into easier-to-achieve tasks, what behavior change technique are they using?

A

Set specific tasks

79
Q

What term is defined as the generic modifiable factors that impact behavior?

A

Determinants

80
Q

Changing leadership style based on the size of a group would be an example of which component of leadership?

A

Situational factors

81
Q

Which source of social support for exercise is the most influential for children and adolescents?

A

Parents

82
Q

A community could influence physical activity for its inhabitants by doing which of the following?

A

Creating more green spaces, playgrounds, and walking trails

83
Q

Which of the following most closely resembles a SMART goal?

A

want to lose 20 pounds over the next 8 months.

84
Q

A Certified Personal Trainer wants to improve a client’s outcome expectations for resistance training. What behavior change technique might they use?

A

Providing information on the health benefits

85
Q

A client has been journaling their behavior. They find that if they get home and sit on the couch to watch television, they do not end up exercising. But if they bring their gym clothes to work with them and change before leaving the office, they are more likely to exercise. Which behavior change technique are they using?

A

Self-monitoring

86
Q

Which source of social support has been shown to be particularly important for older adults?

A

Family

87
Q

Which of the following is a question that may promote change?

A

What might you want to change?

88
Q

In a group exercise setting within a fitness facility, which person should greet all members, make everyone feel welcome, and ensure that participants have the right equipment and attire to participate safely?

A

Exercise leader

89
Q

A client wants to improve their mile time. Which of the following is an outcome goal?

A

I want to run a 6-minute mile.

90
Q

What term is defined as the generic modifiable factors that impact behavior?

A

Determinants

91
Q

community could influence physical activity for its inhabitants by doing which of the following?

A

Creating more green spaces, playgrounds, and walking trails

92
Q

If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client make an action plan to enhance their confidence that they can exercise on their own, what determinant of behavior are they targeting?

A

Self-efficacy

93
Q

Certified Personal Trainer wants to improve a client’s outcome expectations for resistance training. What behavior change technique might they use?

A

Providing information on the health benefits

94
Q

A client has been journaling their behavior. They find that if they get home and sit on the couch to watch television, they do not end up exercising. But if they bring their gym clothes to work with them and change before leaving the office, they are more likely to exercise. Which behavior change technique are they using?

A

Self-monitoring

95
Q

Which source of social support has been shown to be particularly important for older adults?

A

Family

96
Q

Which of the following is a question that may promote change?

A

What might you want to change?

97
Q

In a group exercise setting within a fitness facility, which person should greet all members, make everyone feel welcome, and ensure that participants have the right equipment and attire to participate safely?

A

Exercise leader

98
Q

A new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting?

A

Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.

99
Q

Which of the following describes attitude?

A

The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior

100
Q

Providing encouragement and being empathetic is an example of which type of social support?

A

Emotional support

101
Q

What part of a SMART goal involves being able to track progress?

A

Measurable

102
Q

When a Certified Personal Trainer wants to enhance a client’s self-efficacy by breaking down exercises or goals into easier-to-achieve tasks, what behavior change technique are they using?

A

Set specific tasks

103
Q

The intensity and direction of someone’s effort describes which of the following?

A

Motivation

104
Q

Which of the following is true about body image?

A

Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately.

105
Q

Which term best describes when someone has mixed feelings about exercise and can see both the pros and cons of participating?

A

Ambivalence

106
Q

Which of the following reasons for group exercise participation is described as having a schedule and being able to anticipate what the exercise experience will be like?

A

Consistency

107
Q

What is a client-centric coaching style that helps enhance their desire to change by resolving ambivalence?

A

Motivational interviewing

108
Q

Which scenario best demonstrates companionship support?

A

Coordinating group events that are centered around physical activities

109
Q

If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client improve their technique by using guided practice to enhance confidence, what determinant of behavior are they targeting?

A

Self-efficacy

110
Q

Individuals in this stage of change may sporadically engage in physical activity but without any form, structure, or consistency.

A

Preparation

111
Q

Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise?

A

Instrumental support

112
Q

Which type of motivation would be characterized by a client who enjoys the process of becoming more fit?

A

Intrinsic motivation

113
Q

When a person is thinking about implementing change but has not yet taken any steps to get started, what stage of change are they likely in?

A

Contemplation

114
Q

A Certified Personal Trainer is speaking with a client who is not currently doing any consistent aerobic training. They ask how ready the client is to do aerobic training once a week for 30 minutes, using a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing “not at all ready” and 10 representing “completely ready.” If the client is at a 9, what stage of change are they in?

A

Preparation

115
Q

Having an informal role in an exercise group is demonstrated by which example?

A

Planning social gatherings for the group

116
Q

Which of the following is an example of a client’s intrinsic motivation for exercise?

A

Exercising because it is fun

117
Q

What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node?

A

Internodal pathway

118
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint?

A

Type II

119
Q

What is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement?

A

Feed-forward

120
Q

What types of foods contain carbohydrates?

A

Plant foods and dairy

121
Q

Carbohydrate intake prior to intense or long-duration exercise serves which of the following functions?

A

It replenishes glycogen stores and provides adequate fuel for performance.

122
Q

How many B vitamins are there?

A

8

123
Q

Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?

A

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

124
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?

A

Golgi tendon organs

125
Q

Movement represents the integrated functioning of which three main body systems?

A

Muscular, nervous, and skeletal

126
Q

Which of the following is a banned substance in the United States?

A

Dimethylamylamine (DMAA)

127
Q

What is acidosis in muscle?

A

decrease in pH, which can lead to feelings of fatigue

128
Q

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?

A

Long

129
Q

The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

A

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

130
Q

Where in the digestive system are most fluids absorbed?

A

Small intestine

131
Q

What is defined as steady-state exercise?

A

Aerobic exercise performed at a constant intensity

132
Q

Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?

A

Multifidus

133
Q

Which of the following muscles are responsible for normal resting state (quiet) breathing?

A

Diaphragm

134
Q

What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart conduction?

A

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

135
Q

What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle?

A

Beta-oxidation

136
Q

What is end-systolic volume?

A

The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction

137
Q

What are the three branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)?

A

Valine, leucine, and isoleucine

138
Q

What type of vessel is responsible for carrying blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

139
Q

When a client’s heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

140
Q

Which is very important as a prenatal vitamin?

A

Folate

141
Q

If someone engages in a short, intense burst of activity lasting less than 30 seconds, which energy system will contribute the most to ATP production?

A

The ATP-PC system

142
Q

Which vitamin has an increased risk of causing toxicity?

A

Vitamin A

143
Q

Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?

A

Sagittal

144
Q

Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through?

A

Gluconeogenesis

145
Q

Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations?

A

Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch

146
Q

What component of breathing improves blood flow back to the heart?

A

Inspiration with a decrease in intrathoracic pressure

147
Q

During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane?

A

Hip abductors

148
Q

Food in the stomach is processed and then passes into what anatomical structure?

A

Duodenum of the small intestine

149
Q

Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?

A

Troponin

150
Q

What is glycogen?

A

The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans

151
Q

A client plans to go for a 10-mile run, but they become fatigued after 7 miles, so they stop. What is the most likely cause of this fatigue?

A

Glycogen stores were exhausted.

152
Q

Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?

A

Concentric

153
Q

Ergogenic aids are typically consumed for what purpose?

A

To improve athletic performance and/or body composition

154
Q

Which of the following processes describes the passage of digested food into the blood system to be processed for energy, nutrients, and tissue building?

A

Absorption

CPT Class (56 decks)

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