Ch 23 Chronic Health Conditions L/ Special Populations

Question 1

Mortality

Answer 1

A state or a risk of death or dying.

Question 2

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 2

A general term that refers to the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries.

Question 3

Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.

Question 4

Proprioception

Answer 4

The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.

Question 5

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)

Answer 5

A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise.

Question 6

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 6

A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.

Question 7

What duration of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity is currently recommended for children and adolescents?

Answer 7

60 minutes or more

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE? With regard to resistance training for youth, progression should be based on postural control and not the amount of weight that can be used.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Obesity

Answer 9

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.

Question 10

Overweight

Answer 10

A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.

Question 11

Adherence

Answer 11

The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.

Question 12

What is the fastest growing health problem in America and in most other industrialized countries?

Answer 12

Obesity

Question 13

What is the most widely used assessment tool to identify individuals who are underweight, overweight, and obese?

Answer 13

BMI

Question 14

Diabetes

Answer 14

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.

Question 15

Hyperglycemia

Answer 15

High blood sugar; the state of elevated glucose in the bloodstream.

Question 16

Hypoglycemia

Answer 16

Low blood sugar; the state of deficient glucose in the bloodstream.

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE? On a physiological level, exercise exerts an effect similar to that of insulin.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Which of the following would be the best reccomended mode of exercise for individuals living with diabetes?

Answer 18

Cycling

Question 19

Hypertension

Answer 19

Consistently elevated blood pressure.

Question 20

Stroke

Answer 20

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.

Question 21

Heart failure

Answer 21

A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

Question 22

Kidney failure

Answer 22

A sudden condition in which the kidneys cannot sufficiently filter waste from the blood and leads to renal failure.

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE? When working with clients with hypertension, core exercises in the supine position are preferred over standing core exercises.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

There are two types or classes of osteoporosis:

Answer 24

type 1 (primary) and type 2 (secondary).

Question 25

Osteopenia

Answer 25

Lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis.

Question 26

Osteoporosis

Answer 26

A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture.

Question 27

Arthritis

Answer 27

Chronic inflammation of the joints.

Question 28

Osteoarthritis

Answer 28

Caused by degeneration of cartilage within joints.

Question 29

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 29

A degenerative joint disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue.

Question 30

Atrophy

.

Answer 30

The wasting away or decrease in size of body tissue

Question 31

Which of the following is associated with normal aging and is attributable to a lower production of estrogen and progesterone?

Answer 31

Type 1 (primary) osteoporosis

Question 32

For individuals with osteoporosis, what is the recommended duration of physical activity?

Answer 32

20 to 60 minutes per day or 8- to 10-minute bouts

Question 33

Cancer

Answer 33

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

Question 34

At what level of intensity should individuals with cancer begin aerobic exercise?

Answer 34

40 to 50% of peak capacity

Question 35

TRUE OR FALSE? Pregnant clients who were engaged in an exercise program before pregnancy may continue with moderate levels of exercise, with appropriate modifications, until the third trimester.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Chronic lung disease is largely broken into two major categories:

Answer 36

obstructive and restrictive

Question 37

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 37

The condition of a fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs.

Question 38

Chronic obstructive lung disease

Answer 38

The condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production.

Question 39

Dyspnea

Answer 39

Shortness of breath or labored breathing.

Question 40

Intermittent claudication

Answer 40

The manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease.

Question 41

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Answer 41

A group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis; also referred to as peripheral vascular disease.

Question 42

What term refers to the manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease?

Answer 42

Intermittent claudication