Ch 23 Chronic Health Conditions L/ Special Populations Flashcards
Mortality
A state or a risk of death or dying.
Arteriosclerosis
A general term that refers to the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries.
Atherosclerosis
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.
Proprioception
The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)
A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise.
Valsalva maneuver
A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.
What duration of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity is currently recommended for children and adolescents?
60 minutes or more
TRUE OR FALSE? With regard to resistance training for youth, progression should be based on postural control and not the amount of weight that can be used.
True
Obesity
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.
Overweight
A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.
Adherence
The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.
What is the fastest growing health problem in America and in most other industrialized countries?
Obesity
What is the most widely used assessment tool to identify individuals who are underweight, overweight, and obese?
BMI
Diabetes
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar; the state of elevated glucose in the bloodstream.
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar; the state of deficient glucose in the bloodstream.
TRUE OR FALSE? On a physiological level, exercise exerts an effect similar to that of insulin.
True
Which of the following would be the best reccomended mode of exercise for individuals living with diabetes?
Cycling
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
Stroke
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.
Heart failure
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Kidney failure
A sudden condition in which the kidneys cannot sufficiently filter waste from the blood and leads to renal failure.
TRUE OR FALSE? When working with clients with hypertension, core exercises in the supine position are preferred over standing core exercises.
False
There are two types or classes of osteoporosis:
type 1 (primary) and type 2 (secondary).
Osteopenia
Lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis
A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture.
Arthritis
Chronic inflammation of the joints.
Osteoarthritis
Caused by degeneration of cartilage within joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis
A degenerative joint disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue.
Atrophy
.
The wasting away or decrease in size of body tissue
Which of the following is associated with normal aging and is attributable to a lower production of estrogen and progesterone?
Type 1 (primary) osteoporosis
For individuals with osteoporosis, what is the recommended duration of physical activity?
20 to 60 minutes per day or 8- to 10-minute bouts
Cancer
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
At what level of intensity should individuals with cancer begin aerobic exercise?
40 to 50% of peak capacity
TRUE OR FALSE? Pregnant clients who were engaged in an exercise program before pregnancy may continue with moderate levels of exercise, with appropriate modifications, until the third trimester.
True
Chronic lung disease is largely broken into two major categories:
obstructive and restrictive
Restrictive lung disease
The condition of a fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs.
Chronic obstructive lung disease
The condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath or labored breathing.
Intermittent claudication
The manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
A group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis; also referred to as peripheral vascular disease.
What term refers to the manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease?
Intermittent claudication
