Ch. 17 Balance Traininf Concepts Flashcards
Center of gravity
The approximate midpoint of the body; while the location may vary between individuals, it is typically located at the midportion of the trunk.
Base of support
The area beneath a person that consists of every point of contact made between the body and the support surface.
Limits of stability
The area within which an individual can move one’s center of gravity without changing the base of support (i.e., moving the feet) without falling.
Static balance
The ability to maintain the center of mass within the base of support in a stationary position, meaning no linear or angular movement.
Semi-dynamic balance
The ability to maintain the center of mass with a stationary base of support yet allowing movement for the base supporting the body.
Dynamic balance
The ability to maintain a center of mass over an ever-changing base of support.
Vestibular system
Provides information about the position of the body and head, and spatial orientation relative to its surrounding environment; located in the inner ears that assist with balance.
Somatosensory system
Provides information that is acquired from receptors in the body (skin, muscle, joints, tendons) about the position and motion of the body parts relative to other body regions and the support surface.
Sensorimotor function
The interaction between the way the body processes visual, vestibular, and somatosensory information with the motor response of the body to that information.
The ability to feel that the center of mass (COM) is moving toward a person’s limits of stability is a product of three sense-based systems:
vision, vestibular, and somatosensation
What term refers to the interaction between the body’s processing of information (visual, vestibular, and somatosensory) and the body’s motor response to that information?
Sensorimotor function
Neuromuscular control
The response (conscious or unconscious) of the muscles within the body to control purposeful movement.
Balance Training for Performance
Improves static and dynamic balance
Improves neuromuscular control in the lower extremities
Improves balance after injury
Improves lower extremity muscular strength (especially when combined with resistance training)
Improves ability to participate in activities of daily living and decreases self-reported disability in older adults
Improves agility-based outcomes in athletes
Anterior cruciate ligament
A key ligament within the knee joint that provides stability to limit excessive motion of the tibia relative to the femur.
Systematic review
.
A type of research article that synthesizes and summarizes findings from multiple existing research articles on a specific topic
Perturbation
An alteration of the body’s current state caused by the application of an external force.
Proprioceptively enriched environment
An unstable (yet controllable) exercise environment that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms.
What does the termperturbationmean?
An alteration of the body’s current state caused by the application of an external force
What is themost accurateterm for an unstable (yet controllable) exercise environment that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms?
Proprioceptively enriched environment
BALANCE TRAINING PROGRESSIONS
Progression 1. Exercises should initially involve little joint motion of the balance leg.
Progression 2. Exercises should involve movement of the balance leg through a full range of motion.
Progression 3. Exercises should combine hopping motions with a single-leg stance landing, and holding the balance position for 3–5 seconds.
What is the main goal of balance training?
To continually increase the client’s awareness of their limit of stability
Which of the following exercises is appropriate for entry-level balance training?
Single-leg lift and chop
Progression 1.
Tandem stance
Single-leg balance
Single-leg balance reach
Single-leg hip internal and external rotation
Single-leg lift and chop
Single-leg arm and leg motion
Single-leg windmill
Single-leg throw and catch
Progression 2. Exercises should involve movement of the balance leg through a full range of motion.
Single-leg squat
Single-leg squat touchdown
Single-leg Romanian deadlift
Multiplanar step-up to balance
Multiplanar lunge to balance
Progression 3. Exercises should combine hopping motions with a single-leg stance landing, and holding the balance position for 3–5 seconds.
Multiplanar hop with stabilization
Multiplanar single-leg box hop-up with stabilization
Multiplanar single-leg box hop-down with stabilization
