Ch. 17 Balance Traininf Concepts

Question 1

Center of gravity

Answer 1

The approximate midpoint of the body; while the location may vary between individuals, it is typically located at the midportion of the trunk.

Question 2

Base of support

Answer 2

The area beneath a person that consists of every point of contact made between the body and the support surface.

Question 3

Limits of stability

Answer 3

The area within which an individual can move one’s center of gravity without changing the base of support (i.e., moving the feet) without falling.

Question 4

Static balance

Answer 4

The ability to maintain the center of mass within the base of support in a stationary position, meaning no linear or angular movement.

Question 5

Semi-dynamic balance

Answer 5

The ability to maintain the center of mass with a stationary base of support yet allowing movement for the base supporting the body.

Question 6

Dynamic balance

Answer 6

The ability to maintain a center of mass over an ever-changing base of support.

Question 7

Vestibular system

Answer 7

Provides information about the position of the body and head, and spatial orientation relative to its surrounding environment; located in the inner ears that assist with balance.

Question 8

Somatosensory system

Answer 8

Provides information that is acquired from receptors in the body (skin, muscle, joints, tendons) about the position and motion of the body parts relative to other body regions and the support surface.

Question 9

Sensorimotor function

Answer 9

The interaction between the way the body processes visual, vestibular, and somatosensory information with the motor response of the body to that information.

Question 10

The ability to feel that the center of mass (COM) is moving toward a person’s limits of stability is a product of three sense-based systems:

Answer 10

vision, vestibular, and somatosensation

Question 11

What term refers to the interaction between the body’s processing of information (visual, vestibular, and somatosensory) and the body’s motor response to that information?

Answer 11

Sensorimotor function

Question 12

Neuromuscular control

Answer 12

The response (conscious or unconscious) of the muscles within the body to control purposeful movement.

Question 13

Balance Training for Performance

Answer 13

Improves static and dynamic balance

Improves neuromuscular control in the lower extremities

Improves balance after injury

Improves lower extremity muscular strength (especially when combined with resistance training)

Improves ability to participate in activities of daily living and decreases self-reported disability in older adults

Improves agility-based outcomes in athletes

Question 14

Anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 14

A key ligament within the knee joint that provides stability to limit excessive motion of the tibia relative to the femur.

Question 15

Systematic review

.

Answer 15

A type of research article that synthesizes and summarizes findings from multiple existing research articles on a specific topic

Question 16

Perturbation

Answer 16

An alteration of the body’s current state caused by the application of an external force.

Question 17

Proprioceptively enriched environment

Answer 17

An unstable (yet controllable) exercise environment that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms.

Question 18

What does the termperturbationmean?

Answer 18

An alteration of the body’s current state caused by the application of an external force

Question 19

What is themost accurateterm for an unstable (yet controllable) exercise environment that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms?

Answer 19

Proprioceptively enriched environment

Question 20

BALANCE TRAINING PROGRESSIONS

Answer 20

Progression 1. Exercises should initially involve little joint motion of the balance leg.

Progression 2. Exercises should involve movement of the balance leg through a full range of motion.

Progression 3. Exercises should combine hopping motions with a single-leg stance landing, and holding the balance position for 3–5 seconds.

Question 21

What is the main goal of balance training?

Answer 21

To continually increase the client’s awareness of their limit of stability

Question 22

Which of the following exercises is appropriate for entry-level balance training?

Answer 22

Single-leg lift and chop

Question 23

Progression 1.

Answer 23

Tandem stance

Single-leg balance

Single-leg balance reach

Single-leg hip internal and external rotation

Single-leg lift and chop

Single-leg arm and leg motion

Single-leg windmill

Single-leg throw and catch

Question 24

Progression 2. Exercises should involve movement of the balance leg through a full range of motion.

Answer 24

Single-leg squat

Single-leg squat touchdown

Single-leg Romanian deadlift

Multiplanar step-up to balance

Multiplanar lunge to balance

Question 25

Progression 3. Exercises should combine hopping motions with a single-leg stance landing, and holding the balance position for 3–5 seconds.

Answer 25

Multiplanar hop with stabilization

Multiplanar single-leg box hop-up with stabilization

Multiplanar single-leg box hop-down with stabilization