Ch. 7 Human Movement Science Flashcards
Human movement system (HMS)
The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems
Kinetic chain
A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement
Regional interdependence model
The concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body
Biomechanics
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.
Kinesiology
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology
Anatomic position
The position with the body erect, the arms at the sides, and the palms forward. It is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.
Anatomic Location Definitions and Examples- Medial
Relatively closer to the midline of the body
The adductors (inner thigh muscles) attach to the medial side of the femur (thigh bone).
Anatomic Location Definitions and Examples- lateral
Relatively farther away from the midline or
toward the outside of the body
The ears are positioned laterally on the
head.
Anatomic Location Definitions and Examples- Contralateral
Positioned on the opposite side of the body
The right foot is contralateral to the left hand.
Anatomic Location Definitions and Examples- Ipsilateral
Positioned on the same side of the body
The right foot is ipsilateral to the right hand.
Anatomic Location Definitions and Examples- Anterior
Positioned on or toward the front of the
body
The quadriceps are located on the anterior
aspect of the thigh.
The universally accepted method of describing human movement is in reference to three dimensions and is based on a system of three imaginary planes. What are they?
sagittal
frontal
transverse
Osteokinematics
Movement of a limb that is visible
Arthrokinematics
The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.
Sagittal plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves
Flexion
A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.
Extension
A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.
Hyperextension
Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.
Dorsiflexion
Flexion occurring at the ankle
Plantar flexion
Extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downwards
Abduction
A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.
Adduction
Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body
Lateral flexion
Bending of the spine from side to side.
Eversion
A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of foot faces outward.
Inversion
A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward.
Transverse plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves
Internal rotation
Rotation of a body segment toward the middle of the body
External rotation
Rotation of a body segment away from the middle of the body
Horizontal abduction
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position
Horizontal adduction
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.
Radioulnar pronation
Inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up position to a palm-down position
Radioulnar supination
Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position
Pronation of the foot
Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction; associated with force reduction.
Supination of the foot
Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, and ankle adduction; associated with force production.
Gait
Biomechanical motion of the lower extremities during walking, running, and sprinting.
Scapular retraction
Adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward the midline.
Scapular protraction
Abduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move away from the midlife
Scapular depression
Downward (inferior) motion of the scapulae.
Scapular elevation
Upward (superior) motion of the scapulae.