Ch 1 The modern state of health and fitness Flashcards
Obesity
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.
Kinesiology
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
Evidence-based practice
A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations.
The OPT(optimum performance training)model has how many phases and what are they?
Phase 1- stabilization endurance Phase 2- strength endurance Phase 3- muscular development Phase 4- maximal strength Phase 5- power
Musculoskeletal system
The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body.
Deconditioned
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.
Overweight
A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.
Muscle imbalance
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
Joint stability
The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.
How many forms of training are there and what are they?
Flexibility and mobility
Core strength and stability
Cardiorespiratory (cardio)
Balance
Plyometrics
Speed, agility, and quickness
Resistance
Socioeconomic status
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.
Morbidity
The state of having a disease
Mortality
A state or a risk of death or dying.
Homeostasis
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium.
There are two basic types of disease. What are they?
chronic,
Noncommunicable
definition ofdisease
includes any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body
WHO
World Health Organization
An acute medical event or disease
any medical condition that occurs suddenly and can be treated and healed in a short period of time
chronic disease
medical condition that persists for a long duration or cannot be cured altogether, typically lasting for 3 months or more.
Which organization functions as the international public health agency of the United Nations?
World Health Organization (WHO)
Which of the following chronic diseases is the leading cause of death in both men and women
Coronary artery disease
Risk factor
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
Metric formula for BMI
BMI = weight (kg) ÷ [height (m)]2
Imperial formula: BMI
BMI = 703 × weight (lb) ÷ [height (in.)]2
BMI Classification how many? What are they?
BMI. Disease Risk. Classification
- < 18.5. Increased. Underweight
- 18.5–24.9 Low. Healthy weight
- 25.0–29.9 Increased. Overweight
- 30.0–34.9. High. Obese
- 35.0–39.9. Very high. Obesity II
- ≥ 40.0. Extremely high. Obesity III
Cholesterol
A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.
Stroke
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.
Heart attack
The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.
Heart failure
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs
Heart valve problem
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.
Arrhythmia
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
Ischemic heart disease
A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Atherosclerosis
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.
Physical activity
Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g., golfing, gardening, and walking a dog).
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.
two main types of cholesterol in the body. What are they?
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and
high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Diabetes
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.
Glucose
The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.
Insulin resistance
The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes
Cancer
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma
Endorphins
A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain
What is themost practicalmeasurement of overweight and obesity?
BMI
What is, perhaps, themost challengingof the public health problems faced today?
Obesity, due to poor diet and physical inactivity
Skeletal muscle
The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.
Sprain
A stretching or tearing of ligaments.
Plantar fasciitis
An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.
lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) is made up of?
lumbar spine (low-back area), pelvis, abdomen, and hip musculoskeletal structures
and is commonly referred to as “the core.”
Patellar tendonitis
An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.
Medial cruciate ligament (MCL) tear
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.
Shoulder impingement syndrome
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.
What are two of themost commonissues at the foot and ankle complex?
Ankle sprains and plantar fasciitis
What does the termshoulder impingement syndromerefer to?
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone
Physical therapists
physical therapist is a practitioner who is educated in many areas of physical rehabilitation
Athletic trainers
An athletic trainer often works alongside physicians, emergency medical technicians, and other healthcare providers to help diagnose and treat injuries.
Chiropractors
chiropractor is a licensed healthcare professional who primarily deals with conditions relating to spinal alignment.
Registered dietitian nutritionists
Registered dietitian nutritionists are food and nutrition experts who have met specific academic and professional requirements and passed the required national certification exam.
Licensed massage therapists
Licensed massage therapists are professionals who practice massage therapy and are licensed to therapeutically manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body through physical touch.
Which of the followingmost accuratelydescribes the role of the Certified Personal Trainer?
To design safe and effective exercise programs to help clients reach health, wellness, and fitness goals
NASM Code of Professional Conduct. How many are there? What are they?
- Professionalism
- Confidentiality
- Legal and ethical
- Business practice
NASM Code of Professional Conduct- Professionalism
Treat each colleague and client with the utmost respect and dignity
NASM Code of Professional Conduct- confidentiality
Store and dispose of client records in a secure manner
NASM Code of Professional Conduct- legal and ethical
Accept complete responsibility for one’s actions
NASM Code of Professional Conduct- business practice
Maintain adequate liability insurance
What doesscope of practicerepresent?
All the things a professional can do within the legal boundaries of their job title
