SPORT INJURIES- PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION

Question 1

List types of acute injury

Answer 1

• fractures
• dislocations
• strains
• sprains

Question 2

List the types of chronic injury

Answer 2

Often referred to as over use injuries

• tennis elbow
• achilles tendonitis
• stress fracture

Question 3

what is a fracture?

Answer 3

• a break or crack in the bone

Question 4

what Is a dislocation?

Answer 4

• when the ends of the bones are forced out of position

- only occurs at joints

Question 5

what is a strain?

Answer 5

• a pulled or torn muscle when the muscle is stretched too far and tear

Question 6

What is a sprain?

Answer 6

• when excessive force is applied to a joint and the ligament stretches and tears
• this only occurs in ligaments at the joint.

Question 7

What is achilles tendonitis?

Answer 7

• when the achilles is inflamed and causes weakness and pain.

Question 8

What is a stress fracture?

Answer 8

• the area becomes tender and swollen

- most common in weight bearing bones of the leg.

Question 9

What is tennis elbow?

Answer 9

• occurs in the muscles attached in the elbow that are used to straighten the wrist
• these become inflamed and tiny tears occur on the outside of the elbow resulting in pain.

Question 10

Acute injuries signs?

Answer 10

• sudden, severe pain
• Swelling around the injured site
• not being to bear weight
• restricted movement
• extreme leg or arm weakness
• a protruding bone or joint that is visibly put of place.

Question 11

What are the different types of fractures?

Answer 11

Comminuted: the bone breaks or splinters into three or more pieces.

Spiral: A winding break

Longitudinal: a break that occurs along the length of the bone

Buckle: occurs in children where the bone deforms but doesn’t break

Hairline: a partial fracture of the bone that is difficult to detect.

Greenstick: occur in children where the bone partly fractures on the one side but doesn’t break completely. the bone is more soft and more elastic.

Question 12

List the injury prevention methods?

Answer 12

• screening
• protective equipment
• warm up
• flexibility training
• taping and bracing

Question 13

Name the sport and the protective equipment?

Answer 13

FOOTBALL: ankle and shin pads
RUGBY: scrum cap, gum shields, body armour
CRICKET: batting pads, thigh pads, box, helmet
HOCKEY: leg guard, shin guard, pads, gloves
SQUASH: eye guards

Question 14

What is the importance of a warm up?

Answer 14

• get muscles ready
• increase heart rate
• increases elasticity of the muscle tissue
• increase blood flow which will increase oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles.

Question 15

List injury rehabilitation methods?

Answer 15

• proprioceptive training
• strength training
• hyperbaric chambers
• cryotherapy
• hydrotherapy
• compression garments
• massage
• foam rollers
• cold therapy
• ice baths

Question 16

Evaluate proprioceptive training?

Answer 16

• uses hopping, jumping and balance exercises to restore lost proprioception
• decreases risk of injury
• available for all types of athletes.
  -cheap
  easy

Question 17

Evaluate strength training?

Answer 17

• uses resistance of some kind
• prepares the body for exercise
• machine weights, body weight, therabands, free weights
• very available
• cheap
• easy

Question 18

Evaluate hyperbaric chambers?

Answer 18

• aim is to reduce recovery time
• there is 100% oxygen, pressure increases the amount of o2 that can be breathed in. O2 can be diffused into injured area. excess dissolves in blood. Stimulate white blood cell activity.
• expensive
• for professional
• hard to access

Question 19

What is cryotherapy?

Answer 19

• uses cooling to treat acute injuries.
  RICE- rest, ice, compression and elevation.
• limit pain and swelling by decreasing blood flow to the area.
• cooled by liquid nitrogen
• freezing gas surrounds the body so that blood from the arms and legs flow towards the core.

Question 20

evaluate cryotherapy?

Answer 20

• helps with rehabilitation and recovery