Movements at joints

Question 1

What is the joint classification of the shoulder joint?
what are the articulating bones?
List all the joint movements.

Answer 1

• Ball and socket joint
• humorous, clavicle and scapula
• Flexion, extension. Abduction, adduction. rotation. Horizontal flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.

Question 2

joint classification of elbow joint?
The articulating bones?
Possible movements?

Answer 2

• hinge joint
• humorous, radius and ulna
• flexion and extension

Question 3

joint classification of hip joint?
The articulating bones?
Possible movements?

Answer 3

• ball and socket joint
• femur and pelvis (ilium)
• flexion, extension (forwards and back). Adduction and abduction (side to side) rotation

Question 4

Joint classification of the knee joint?
The articulating bones?
Possible movements?

Answer 4

• Hinge joint
• Femur, and tibia
• flexion and extension

Question 5

Joint classification of ankle joint?
The articulating bones?
Possible movements?

Answer 5

• Hinge joint
• Fibula, Tibia and talus
• dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 6

Which muscle is the prime mover at the ankle when a sprinter is pushing off the blocks for a sprint start?

Answer 6

Gastrocnemius

Question 7

Define antagonist

Answer 7

A muscle that opposes an agonist for a given movement and prevents over stretching of the agonist.

Question 8

What is a fixator muscle?

Answer 8

A muscle which allows the prime mover to work more efficiently by stabilising the bone where the prime mover originates.

Question 9

Name and explain 3 types of muscle contraction?

Answer 9

• isometric: muscle is under tension but there is no visible movement
• isotonic concentric: when a muscle shortens under tension
• isotonic eccentric: when a muscle lengthens under tension.

Question 10

What type of movements are isotonic eccentric contraction associated with?

Answer 10

Downward movements controlling against the effects of gravity such as the downward phase of a push up.

Question 11

Name and define the 3 parts of a lever?

Answer 11

FULCRUM- point about which the lever rotates.
LOAD- load that is being moved
EFFORT- force applied by the muscle.

Question 12

Bicep curl is an example of which type of lever?

Answer 12

Third class

Question 13

What is the effort arm and resistance arm?

Answer 13

• distance from effort

- resistance to the fulcrum

Question 14

What advantages does a long resistance arm and short effort arm give?

Answer 14

• greater range of motion and faster speed of movement

- such as a 3rd class lever

Question 15

what advantages does a shorter resistance arm and a longer effort arm give?

Answer 15

• more weight to be lifted for less effort.

Question 16

Define inertia

Answer 16

• a reluctance of an object to change its state of motion.

Question 17

What is the sagittal plane and transverse axis?

Answer 17

• the plane divides the body into left and right
• the axis runs from side to side across the body.
  movements include: Shoulder and hip movements ( flexion, extension and hyperextension)
  Elbow and knee and movements at the ankle.

Question 18

What is the frontal plane and sagittal axis?

Answer 18

• frontal plane divides the body from front to back. The sagittal axis runs from front to back.
  Movements include adduction and adduction at the shoulder joint.

Question 19

what is the transverse plane and the sagittal axis?

Answer 19

• The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves
• longitudinal axis runs from head to toe.
• movements include horizontal adduction and abduction in the shoulder joint.