BARRIORS TO RAISING PARTICIPATION

Question 1

List the top 4 warriors to raising participation

Answer 1

• Gender
• Race/ethnicity
• Social class
• Disability

Question 2

Explain why disability is a warrior to sport?

Answer 2

• negative self image or lack of confidence
• relatively low income
• lack of access into or around facilities
• lack of organised programmes
• low levels of media coverage
• few role models to aspire
• lack of specialist coaches, clubs and competitions
• myths/ stereotypes about the capabilities of people with a disability

Question 3

List possible solutions for disability being a barrier

Answer 3

• provide more opportunities (Paralympics)
• increased investment into disabled sport
• providing transport to facilities
• improved technology
• increased media coverage
• training more specialist coaches
• educating people on the myths and stereotypes
• specialist organisations for disability sport.

Question 4

How can race and ethnicity affect participation?

Answer 4

-• Black and Asian people discriminated against in society.
• 25% of EPL players are black, even less Asians.
• 50% UK athletics power event competitors are black.
• In tennis, no black and only 1 Asian competitor in UK top ten - opportunity.
• In UK rugby, very few black players.
• No research evidence that black Afro-Caribbean people have more fast twitch muscle, or less subcutaneous fat.
• Hence stereotype of black Afro-Caribbean potential at sport is incorrect.
• Lack of role models in low black participation sport discourages new participants.
• Media reflect society’s view of black people.
• Great success from male Asian boxers and cricketers.
• Low socio-economic status of many black Afro-Caribbean people prevents participation.

Question 5

What is stacking?

Answer 5

• the disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain positions in a sports team, which tends to be based on the stereotype that they are more valuable for their physicality than their decision-making and communication qualities

Question 6

What is channeling?

Answer 6

• ethnic minorities may be pushed into certain sports and even certain positions within a team, based on assumptions about them.

Question 7

List possible solutions to racial disadvantage in sport

Answer 7

• training more ethnic minority coaches, teachers and sports leaders
• ensuring there is single sex provision (Muslim women can overcome barriers)
• publicising and publicising any racist abuse
• ensuring provision in PE programmes is appropriate for all ethnic priorities.
• organising campaigns agains racism in sport

Question 8

List barriers to women’s participation in sport

Answer 8

• lack of time and money
• school pe programmes (fewer options)
• fewer sponsorship opportunities/ less funding
• stereotypical myths
• fewer role models
• less media coverage
• lack of disposable income

Question 9

list possible solutions to gender inequality in sport.

Answer 9

• introduce laws which make sex discrimination unlawful
• encourage greater social acceptance of women having jobs
• encourage shared childcare responsibilities
• increased media coverage for woman’s sport
• increased sponsorship attracted to women’s sport
• providing education to reject stereotypical myths
• providing more opportunities for women to join sports clubs
• via the work of organisations such as sport England

Question 10

What are the three main benefits to raising participation

Answer 10

• health benefits
• social benefits
• fitness benefits