AGGRESSION/ASSERTION AND THEORIES Flashcards
what is aggression?
Intensional behaviour to harm someone outside the rules of the game
There’re two types of aggression what are they
Hostile aggression
Instrumental aggression
What is hostile aggression
Intension to harm outside the rules of game, as an emotional response to another performer. Sole purpose is to causr harm
Instrumental aggression
Intension to harm as a means of another goal
E.g. Rugby player tackling someone to make them fear them
Although some degree of aggression is required is in sport, what are the two that are accepted
Assertive behaviour
Channelled behaviour
What’s is assertive behaviour
This is the use of physical force in sport, however it is within the law of sport and it doesn’t intend to cause harm
What is channelled aggression
Feeling of aggression that is diverted into useful positive action such as working hard
What are the theories within aggression
1) instinct theory
2) cue arousal
3) social learning theory
4) frustration - aggression hypothesis
What does the instinct theory state
Aggression is inherited
Agg builds up, if it’s not released it can be directed inwards = psychologically damaging
It is important to release this energy which can be done through sport
Displacement
Catharsis
What is catharsis?
Releasing of pent up emotion emotion
What is the criticism of instinct theory
Theory suggests aggression is spontaneous (hostile and reactive) but we know that ahh can be pre-planned or some people aren’t as reactive
It has been shown through social studies that aggression can actually be learnt
Research has shown society do not show similar level of aggression
What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis state?
This theory states that aggression is as a result of frustration. Level of frustration increases due to unexpected events or unable to reach goals therefore agg can also increase
Catharsis effect can take place to reduce frustration = reduce aggression
What is the criticism of frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Not everyone who experiences frustration exhibits it through agg, find other ways to deal with it
Individuals display agg even when there’s no sign of aggression
What does the aggression cue theory state?
Criticised the frustration theory
Obstacles leads to frustrating & Arousal, but not always aggression. It only predisposes individual to aggression
Agg = social learned cues or stimuli must be present
Give examples of socially learned cues
- encouragement from coach to be aggression
- praise of aggressive response in a similar situation
- seeing a role model being aggressive
What are some stimulus that triggers aggression
aggression related object - gloves
aggression related sports - rugby
aggression related people - coach
aggression related place - pitch where it has happened before
What does the social learning of aggression state
aggression is learned by observing role models. If aggressive behaviour is praised it is likely to be learn by vicarious reinforcement. If this is copied and individual further gets positively reinforced then they’re likely to do it again
If reinforcement is negative however, it is unlikely aggression will be shown
Explain how the individual is involved to control aggression
1) Individual aware they’re responsible for their own actions
2) Individual should recognise their own level of arousal and act accordingly
3) Individual should develop their own code of conduct based on their morality and what they learnt
Explain how the “significant other” is involved to control aggression
1) parent, coaches and team mates, have applet unity to set standards to show what is right/wrong
2) also need to provide an environment where desired behaviour can take place & recognise they’re good role model
