AGGRESSION/ASSERTION AND THEORIES

Question 1

what is aggression?

Answer 1

Intensional behaviour to harm someone outside the rules of the game

Question 2

There’re two types of aggression what are they

Answer 2

Hostile aggression

Instrumental aggression

Question 3

What is hostile aggression

Answer 3

Intension to harm outside the rules of game, as an emotional response to another performer. Sole purpose is to causr harm

Question 4

Instrumental aggression

Answer 4

Intension to harm as a means of another goal

E.g. Rugby player tackling someone to make them fear them

Question 5

Although some degree of aggression is required is in sport, what are the two that are accepted

Answer 5

Assertive behaviour

Channelled behaviour

Question 6

What’s is assertive behaviour

Answer 6

This is the use of physical force in sport, however it is within the law of sport and it doesn’t intend to cause harm

Question 7

What is channelled aggression

Answer 7

Feeling of aggression that is diverted into useful positive action such as working hard

Question 8

What are the theories within aggression

Answer 8

1) instinct theory
2) cue arousal
3) social learning theory
4) frustration - aggression hypothesis

Question 9

What does the instinct theory state

Answer 9

Aggression is inherited
Agg builds up, if it’s not released it can be directed inwards = psychologically damaging
It is important to release this energy which can be done through sport
Displacement
Catharsis

Question 10

What is catharsis?

Answer 10

Releasing of pent up emotion emotion

Question 11

What is the criticism of instinct theory

Answer 11

Theory suggests aggression is spontaneous (hostile and reactive) but we know that ahh can be pre-planned or some people aren’t as reactive
It has been shown through social studies that aggression can actually be learnt
Research has shown society do not show similar level of aggression

Question 12

What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis state?

Answer 12

This theory states that aggression is as a result of frustration. Level of frustration increases due to unexpected events or unable to reach goals therefore agg can also increase
Catharsis effect can take place to reduce frustration = reduce aggression

Question 13

What is the criticism of frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Answer 13

Not everyone who experiences frustration exhibits it through agg, find other ways to deal with it
Individuals display agg even when there’s no sign of aggression

Question 14

What does the aggression cue theory state?

Answer 14

Criticised the frustration theory
Obstacles leads to frustrating & Arousal, but not always aggression. It only predisposes individual to aggression
Agg = social learned cues or stimuli must be present

Question 15

Give examples of socially learned cues

Answer 15

• encouragement from coach to be aggression
• praise of aggressive response in a similar situation
• seeing a role model being aggressive

Question 16

What are some stimulus that triggers aggression

Answer 16

aggression related object - gloves
aggression related sports - rugby
aggression related people - coach
aggression related place - pitch where it has happened before

Question 17

What does the social learning of aggression state

Answer 17

aggression is learned by observing role models. If aggressive behaviour is praised it is likely to be learn by vicarious reinforcement. If this is copied and individual further gets positively reinforced then they’re likely to do it again
If reinforcement is negative however, it is unlikely aggression will be shown

Question 18

Explain how the individual is involved to control aggression

Answer 18

1) Individual aware they’re responsible for their own actions
2) Individual should recognise their own level of arousal and act accordingly
3) Individual should develop their own code of conduct based on their morality and what they learnt

Question 19

Explain how the “significant other” is involved to control aggression

Answer 19

1) parent, coaches and team mates, have applet unity to set standards to show what is right/wrong
2) also need to provide an environment where desired behaviour can take place & recognise they’re good role model