Spinal Cord

Question 1

spinal cord extends from

Answer 1

foramen magnum to second lumbar vertebrae

Question 2

spinal cord produces responses through

Answer 2

reflex mechanisims

Question 3

spinal nerves exit vertebral column through

Answer 3

intervertebral and sacral foremina

Question 4

spinal nerve is

Answer 4

bundle of axons
shwann cells
connective tissue sheath

Question 5

spinal cord is _______ in diameter are superior end and _______at inferior end

Answer 5

larger; smaller

Question 6

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 6

31

Question 7

cervical enlargement

Answer 7

inferior cervical region
nerves supply upper limbs

Question 8

lumbosacral region

Answer 8

inferior thoracic, lumbar and superior sacral region
supplies lower limbs

Question 9

conus medullaris

Answer 9

cone like region immediately inferior to lumbosacaral region
tip is inferior end of spinal cord

Question 10

cauda equina

Answer 10

origin of spinal nerves from lumbosacral and conus medullaris
resembles a horses tail

Question 11

superficial to deep layers of meninges and their spaces (6)

Answer 11

1. epidural space
2. dura mater
3. subdural space
4. arachnoid matter
5. subarachnoid space
   6.pia matter

Question 12

epidural space

Answer 12

between bone and dura matter
location of epidural anesthesia
contains blood vessels, areolar connective tissue and fat

Question 13

dura mater

Answer 13

thickest membrane
forms sac called thecal sac
continuous with dura of brain and epinerium spinal nerves

Question 14

thecal sac

Answer 14

sac around vertebral cord
starts at foramen magnum and ends at 2nd sacral vert

Question 15

arachnoid mater

Answer 15

very thin and delicate

Question 16

subdural space

Answer 16

between arachnoid space and dura space
contains small amount of serous fluid

Question 17

subarachnoid space

Answer 17

between arachnoid and pia matter
contains network or arachnoid mater, blood vessels and CSF

Question 18

pia matter

Answer 18

bound very tightly to spinal cord

Question 19

denticulate ligament

Answer 19

connective tissue septa extending from lateral side of spinal cord to dura matter to help limit lateral movement
attaches to spinal cord by TOOTH like processes

Question 20

filum terminale

Answer 20

connective tissue strand that limits superior movement of spinal cord
anchors conus medullaris and thecal sac to first coccygeal vert

Question 21

superficial portion of cord is ______mater and _________ is deep

Answer 21

white; gray

Question 22

white mater made of

Answer 22

myelinated axons called Tracts

Question 23

white matter divided into 3 columns called

Answer 23

1. ventral
2. drosal
3. lateral

Question 24

each column is divided into

Answer 24

tracts; pathways
can be ascneding (towards brain)
or descending (away from brain)

Question 25

gray matter is made of

Answer 25

neuron cell bodies, dendrites and axons

Question 26

gray matter is divided into 3 HORNS called

Answer 26

1. anterior (ventral)
2. Posterior (dorsal)
   3.lateral (associated with ANS)

Question 27

Anetiror median fissure and posteiror suculus

Answer 27

two deep clefts partially separating the two halves of spinal cord

Question 28

gray and white commissures

Answer 28

contain axons that cross from one side of spinal cord to another
connects left and right halves

Question 29

central canal

Answer 29

inside the gray commissure
helps circulate CSF of the ventricles

Question 30

spinal nerves arise as ____ and combine to become ____

Answer 30

rootlets; roots

Question 31

ventral root

Answer 31

axons of motor neurons
innervates muscles and glands
axons pass into spinal nerves

Question 32

ventral HORN

Answer 32

cell bodies of multipolar somatic neurons
called motor horn

Question 33

dorsal root

Answer 33

axons of SENSORY neurons
axons pass into dorsal horn to synapse with interneurons
or pass into white matter to tracts

Question 34

dorsal root ganglia

Answer 34

cell bodies of sensory neurons
psuedo unipolar

Question 35

ventral root and dorsal root combine to form

Answer 35

spinal nerve