Chapter 3

Question 1

Functions of a cell

Answer 1

1. cell metabolism
2. Synthesis of molecules
3. Communication
4. Reproduction and inheritance

Question 2

Outside of membrane is more ___ charged

Answer 2

positively

Question 3

Plasma membrane made of

Answer 3

glycocalx (carbs and lipids and proteins on surface)

Question 4

what lipids make up the membrane

Answer 4

phospholipids and cholesterol

Question 5

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 5

Polar (hydorphilic ends) face water on interior and exterior while non polar tails inward

Question 6

cholesterol of membrane

Answer 6

interspersed between phosphoplids
amount determine fluid nature of membrane

Question 7

fluid nature of membrane allows

Answer 7

distribution of molecules within membrane
membranes can fuse with eachother
phoshoplipids automatically reassemble if damaged

Question 8

integral protein membranes

Answer 8

extend deep into membrane often from one end to another

Question 9

peripheral protein membranes

Answer 9

attach to integral protiens at inner or outer surfaces

Question 10

marker molecules

Answer 10

glycoprotiens or glycolipids
allow cells to identify one another or other molecules

Question 11

transport proteins characteristic

Answer 11

specificity–single type of molecules
competition–molecules of similar shape can bind
saturation–rate of transport limited to number of available carrier proteins

Question 12

Leak Ion Channels

Answer 12

Always open
responsible for permeability of ion membrane when ion membrane is at rest

Question 13

Gated Ion Channels

Answer 13

open or closed by certain stimuli

Question 14

Ligand gated channel

Answer 14

open in response to small molecules that bind to proteins or glycoprotiens

Question 15

Voltage gated

Answer 15

open when there is a change in charge across plasma membrane

Question 16

Carrier proteins (ie transporters)

Answer 16

integral protien that moves ions from one side to another
have specific binding sites
changes shape to transport ion and then resumes original shape

Question 17

uniporters

Answer 17

moves one ion/molecule

Question 18

symporter

Answer 18

moves two ion/molecule in same direction

Question 19

Antiporter

Answer 19

moves two ion/molecule in OPPOSITE direction

Question 20

ATP powered pumps

Answer 20

requires ATP to function
use of energy allows cells to accumulate substance
rate depends on concentration of substrate and ATP

Question 21

Receptor proteins

Answer 21

have exposed receptor site
can attach to specific chemical signals

Question 22

enzymes

Answer 22

catalyze reactions on outer and inner surface of membrane

Question 23

3 types of Passive membrane transport

Answer 23

1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. facilitated diffusion

Question 24

2 types of Active membrane transport

Answer 24

active transport
secondary active transport

Question 25

vescular transport

Answer 25

endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 26

diffusion

Answer 26

brings solutes from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration in a solution

Question 27

osmosis

Answer 27

movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane moves from low concentration of solutes to high concentration of solutes

Question 28

isomotic

Answer 28

solutions with same concentration of solute particles

Question 29

hyperosmotic

Answer 29

solution with greater concentration of solutes

Question 30

hyposmotic

Answer 30

solution with lower concentration of solutes

Question 31

isoTONIC

Answer 31

cell neither shrinks or swells

Question 32

hypertonic

Answer 32

crenation

Question 33

hypotonic

Answer 33

lysis--cell swells

Question 34

facilitated difussion

Answer 34

mediated transport carried out by channel/carrier protiens--no ATP

Question 35

Active transport

Answer 35

requires ATP can be moved against concentration gradient (low to high) and allows substances to accumulate on side of cell rate depends on concentration of substrate and concentration of ATP

Question 36

secondary active transport

Answer 36

used primary active transport

Question 37

phagocytosis

Answer 37

solid particles ingested and large vesucle is formed requires ATP "eating"

Question 38

Pinocytosis

Answer 38

disolved molecules ingested and small vescule is formed

Question 39

microtubules

Answer 39

hollow tubes made of tubulin that act as: -internal scaffold of cell transport and cell division

Question 40

actin filaments

Answer 40

help with structure, support microvilli contractility movement

Question 41

intermediate filaments

Answer 41

help with mechanical strength